UNIT #1 : Curricular Focus And Vocabulary Flashcards
Empiricism
The view that knowledge originated in experience and that science should,therefore rely on observation and experimentation
Structuralism
It was a early school of thought promoted by Wundt and Titchener which used introspection to reveal the structure of the human mind
Functionalism
It was the early school of thought promoted by James and influence by Darwin which explored how mental and behavioural processes function and how they enable humans and organisms to adapt, flourish and survive
Experimental psychology
The study of behaviour and thinking using the experimental method
Behaviourism
The view that psychology
1. Should be an objective science that..
2. Studies behaviour without reference to the mental process.
(Most researchers agree with #1 but not #2)
Psychology
The science of behaviour and mental process
Humanistic
How we meet our needs for love and acceptance and achieve self-fulfillment
Cognitive
How we encode, process and store information
Nature-nurture (issue)
The long-standing controversy over the relative contributions that genes and experience make to the development of psychological traits and behaviours. Today’s science sees traits and behaviours arising from the interaction of nature and nurture
Natural selection
The principle among the range of inherited traits variations, those contributing to reproduction and survival will most likely be passed on to succeeding generations
Levels of analysis
The differing complementary views from biological to psychological to social-cultural, for analyzing any given phenomenon
Biopsychosocial (approach)
An integrated approach that incorporates biological, psychological and social-cultural levels of analysis
Behavioural
How we learn observable responses
Biological
How the body and brain enable emotions, memories and sensory experiences and how genes combine with environment to influence individual differences
Evolutionary
How the natural selection of traits has promoted the survival of genes
Psychodynamic
How behaviour springs from unconscious drives and conflicts
Social-cultural
How behaviour and thinking vary across situations and cultures
Basic research
Pure science that aims to increase the scientific knowledge base
Psychometrics
The scientific study of the measurement of human abilities, attitudes and traits
Developmental psychology
A branch of psychology that studies physical, cognitive and social change throughout the lifespan
Educational psychology
The study on how psychological processes affect and can enchant teaching and learning
Personality psychology
The study of an individual’s characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling and acting
Social psychology
The scientific study of how we think about influence and relate to one another
Applied research
Scientific study that aims to solve practical problems
Parapsychology
The study of paranormal phenomena including ESP and psychokinesis
Industrial-organizational psychology (I/O)
The application of psychological concepts and methods to optimizing human behaviour in workplaces
Human factors psychology
An I/O psychology sub field that explores how people and machines interact and how machines and physical environments can be made safe and easy to use
SQ3R
A study method incorporating five steps : Survey, Question, Read, Retrieve and Review
Behaviour
The way in which one acts or conducts oneself, especially towards others
Evolution
Relating to the gradual development of something
