State of Consciousness Curriculum Q and V

Question 1

Consciousness

Answer 1

Our awareness of ourselves and our environment

Question 2

Hypnosis

Answer 2

A social interaction in which one person (the subject) responds to another person’s (the hypnotist’s) suggestion that certain perceptions, feelings, thoughts, or behaviours will spontaneously occur

Question 3

Posthypnotic suggestion

Answer 3

Increasing behaviours by presenting positive reinforcers. A positive reinforcer is any stimulus that, when presented after a response, strengthens the response

Question 4

Dissociation

Answer 4

A split in consciousness which allows some thoughts and behaviours to occur simultaneously with others

Question 5

Circadian rhythm

Answer 5

The biological clock ; regular bodily rhythms (for example, of temperature and wakefulness) that occur on a 24 hour cycle

Question 6

REM sleep

Answer 6

Rapid eye movement sleep ; a recurring sleep stage during which vivid dreams commonly occur. Also know. As paradoxical sleep because the muscles are relaxed but other body systems are active

Question 7

Alpha waves

Answer 7

The relativity slow brain waves of a relaxed, awake state

Question 8

Hallucinations

Answer 8

False sensory experiences, such as seeing something in the absence of an external visual stimulus

Question 9

Delta waves

Answer 9

The large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep

Question 10

NREM sleep

Answer 10

No rapid eye movement sleep ; encompasses all sleep stages except for REM sleep

Question 11

Suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)

Answer 11

A pair of cell clusters in the hypothalamus that controls circadian rhythm. In response to light the SCN causes the pineal gland to adjust melatonin production, thus modifying our feelings of sleepiness

Question 12

Insomnia

Answer 12

Recurring problems in falling or staying asleep

Question 13

Narcolepsy

Answer 13

A sleep disorder characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks. The sufferer may lapse directly into REM sleep, often at inopportune times

Question 14

Sleep apnea

Answer 14

A sleep disorder characterized by temporary cessations of breathing during sleep and repeated momentary awakenings

Question 15

Night terrors

Answer 15

A sleep disorder characterized by high arousal and an appearance of being terrified; unlike nightmares, night terrors occur during NREM-3 sleep within 2-3 of falling asleep and are seldom remembered

Question 16

Dreams

Answer 16

A sequence of images, emotions and thoughts passing through a sleeping person’s mind. Dreams are notable for their hallucinatory imagery, discontinuities and incongruities and for the dreamer’s delusional acceptance of the content and later difficulties remembering it

Question 17

Manifest content

Answer 17

According to Freud, the remembered storyline of a dream (as a distinct from its latent or hidden, content)

Question 18

Latent content

Answer 18

According to Freud, the underlying meaning of a dream (as distinct from its manifest content)

Question 19

REM rebound

Answer 19

The tendency for REM sleep to increase following REM sleep deprivation (created by repeated awakenings during REM sleep)