Unit 3: Section 9 - Further Synthesis and Analysis MDY * Flashcards
organic synthesis * NMR spectroscopy * 1H NMR * chromatography more on chromatography
how to make a secondary/tertiary amine and their salts from a halogenoalkane?
ammonia
heat
not primary halogenoalkane
how to make a primary amine from a halogenoalkane?
ammonia
heat
primary halogenoalkane
how to make an alkene from a halogenoalkane?
KOH
ethanol
reflux
how to make a nitrile from a halogenoalkane?
aqueous KCN
ethanol
reflux
how to make an alcohol from a halogenoalkane?
warm aqueous NaOH
reflux
how to make a halogenoalkane form an alkene?
20*C
how to make dibromo alkane from an alkene?
Br2
20*C
this is the test for unsaturation
how to make an alcohol from an alkene?
H3PO4 catalyst
stream
300*C
60 atm
how to make an alkene from an alcohol?
concentrated H2SO4
reflux
how to make a primary amine from a nitrile?
LiAlH4
dilute H2SO4
how to make a carboxylic acid from an alchol?
K2Cr2O7
H2SO4
reflux
primary alcohols
how to make an aldehyde/ ketone from an alcohol?
K2Cr2O7
H2SO4
distillation
not tertiary alcohols
how to make an alcohol from an aldehyde/ketone?
NaBH4
in water
methanol
how to make a hydroxy nitrile from an aldehyde/ ketone?
aqueous KCN
H2SO4
20*C
how to make a carboxylic acid from an aldehyde/ketone?
K2Cr207
H2SO4
reflux
how to make an ester from a carboxylic acid?
alcohol
concentration H2SO4 catalyst
heat
how to make a carboxylic acid from an ester?
dilute H2SO4 catalyst H2O reflux OR dilute aqueous NaOH reflux
how to make a carboxylic acid from an acyl chloride / acid anhydride?
H2O
20*C
how to make an ester from an acyl chloride / acid anhydride?
alcohol
20*C
how to make a primary amide from an acyl chloride / acid anhydride?
NH3
20*C
how to make an N-substituted amide from an acyl chloride / acid anhydride?
amine
20*C
what 2 addition reactions can benzene do?
acylation
nitration
what happens in the acylation of benzene?
benzene + RCOCl –> phenyl ketone
AlCl3 catalyst
reflux
non-aqueous environment
what happens in the nitration of benzene?
concentrated HNO3 + benzene –> nitrobenzene
concentrated H2SO4
below 55*C