Unit 3 reset Flashcards
Nucleotide
Monomers that make up DNA (Made up of phosphate, sugar, and base)
Base Pairing
adenine + thymine
guanine + cytosine
Pyrimidine
One of two chemical compounds that cells use to make the building blocks of DNA and RNA. (One)
Purine
One of two chemical compounds that cells use to make the building blocks of DNA and RNA. (Two)
Transcription
Transcription converts one DNA strand sequence into one mRNA sequence.
Messenger RNA (mRNA)
A form of RNA that copies a strand of DNA and is read by tRNA.
Translation
Translation is when tRNA attaches the anticodon to the correct codon, and also attaches an amino acid to the existing polypeptide chain. Occurs in the rRNA.
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
It links together the amino acids into one polypeptide chain.
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
It takes the amino acids to the rRNA where the mRNA is being read, and attaches its anticodon to the correct codon.
Codon
a sequence of three nucleotides that codes for an amino acid.
Anticodon
a set of three nucleotides that is complementary to an mRNA codon, carried by tRNA
Point Mutation
a mutation in which one nucleotide is changed via substitution, insertion, or deletion.
Frameshift Mutation
the insertion or deletion of a nucleotide in the DNA sequence
Substitution Mutation
a type of mutation in which one nucleotide is replaced by a different nucleotide.
