Unit 3 - Protein Synthesis Flashcards

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1
Q

Nucleotide

A

Monomers that make up DNA (Made up of phosphate, sugar, and base)

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2
Q

Base Pairing

A

adenine + thymine
guanine + cytosine

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3
Q

Pyrimidine

A

One of two chemical compounds that cells use to make the building blocks of DNA and RNA. (One)

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4
Q

Purine

A

One of two chemical compounds that cells use to make the building blocks of DNA and RNA. (Two)

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5
Q

Transcription

A

Transcription converts one DNA strand sequence into one mRNA sequence.

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6
Q

Messenger RNA (mRNA)

A

A form of RNA that copies a strand of DNA and is read by tRNA.

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7
Q

Translation

A

Translation is when tRNA translates mRNA and attaches an anticodon to the correct codon.

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8
Q

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

A

It forms amino acids into polypeptide chains guides them to the correct anticodon.

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9
Q

Transfer RNA (tRNA)

A

Links amino acids to mRNA via attaching anticodons to the mRNA (The weird one)

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10
Q

Codon

A

a sequence of three nucleotides that codes for an amino acid.

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11
Q

Anticodon

A

a set of three nucleotides that is complementary to an mRNA codon, carried by tRNA

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12
Q

Point Mutation

A

a mutation in which one nucleotide is changed via substitution, insertion, or deletion.

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13
Q

Frameshift Mutation

A

the insertion or deletion of a nucleotide in the DNA sequence

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14
Q

Substitution Mutation

A

a type of mutation in which one nucleotide is replaced by a different nucleotide.

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