Unit 1 - Characteristics of Life Flashcards

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1
Q

Metabolism

A

The chemical processes that break down or build up materials.

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2
Q

Homeostasis

A

The maintenance of constant internal conditions in an organism.

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3
Q

Adaptation

A

An inherited trait that gives an advantage to an individual organisms and is passed on to future generations.

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4
Q

Independent Variable

A

A condition that is manipulated, or changed, by a scientist.

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5
Q

Dependent Variable

A

The experimental data.

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6
Q

Quantitative Data

A

Numeric measurements.

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7
Q

Qualitative Data

A

Descriptions in words of what is being observed.

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8
Q

Prokaryotic cell

A

No nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles.

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9
Q

Eukaryotic cell

A

Have nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.

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10
Q

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

A

aids in the production of proteins and lipids.

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11
Q

Golgi Apparatus

A

The Golgi apparatus modifies, packages, and transports proteins.

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12
Q

Mitochondria

A

Bean shaped and have two membranes. The inner membrane has many folds that greatly increase its surface area.

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13
Q

Chloroplast

A

Chloroplasts are organelles that help a plant convert solar energy to chemical energy.

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14
Q

Ionic Bond

A

An ionic bond forms through the electrical force between oppositely charged ions.

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15
Q

Covalent Bond

A

A chemical bond formed when electrons are shared between two atoms.

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16
Q

Monomer

A

Small molecules are subunits of an entire molecule, like links in a chain. Each subunit in the complete molecule is called a monomer.

17
Q

Polymer

A

A polymer is a large molecule, or macromolecule, made of many monomers bonded together.

18
Q

Carbohydrate

A

Carbohydrates are molecules composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, and they include sugars and starches.

19
Q

Lipid

A

Lipids are nonpolar molecules that include fats, oils, and cholesterol.

20
Q

Protein

A

Proteins are the most varied of the carbon-based molecules in organisms.

21
Q

Nucleic Acid

A

Polymers that are made up of monomers called nucleotides.

22
Q

Catalyst

A

A catalyst is a substance that decreases the activation energy needed to start a chemical reaction and, as a result, also increases the rate of the chemical reaction.

23
Q

Enzyme

A

Enzymes are catalysts for chemical reactions in living things.

24
Q

Levels of Organization

A

How complex organisms are organized, from least to most complex. Atom, molecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism