unit 3 quiz Flashcards
gunpowder empires
large multi-ethnic states in southwest, central, and south asia that relied on firearms to conquer and control territories. included russia, ottoman empire, safavid empire, and mughal empire. they tended to be militaristic but left splendid artistic and architectural legacies, created in part to reflect the legitmacy of their rulers
ivan IV (russia)
ivan the terrible, set to expand the russian border eastward, mainly relying on gunpowder. used cossacks to fight local tribes/the golden horde, gained control of the vaga river (more trade)
ming dynasty
took over china from the mongols in 1368 and reigned for 300 years, they tried to expand but ultimately failed, revamped the great wall of china for protection
manchu
manchu of manchuria overpowered the ming dynasty and established the qing dynasty in 1644, which ruled untill 1911
qing dynasty
established by the manchu in 1644 and ruled until 1911
emperor kangxi
was responsible for smallpox vaccinations in china and expanded into taiwan, mongolia, central asia, and tibet
emperor qianlong
expanded west of china, which led to the annexation of xinjiang. this area remains troubled today
suleiman I (ottoman empire)
ottoman empire reached peak under him. attempted to take vienna twice but the ottoman ability to send troops so far into christian europe caused great fear. employed janissaries (elite soldiers taken as christian children, raised muslim)
ismail
young ismail (14/15) conquered all of iran and was proclaimed shah (king/emperor) in 1501
shah
king/emperor (safavid)
akbar (mughal empire)
the munghal empire was one of the richest qnd best governed states under akbar
caste
social grouping designated at birth; basis of educational and vocational opportunities in indian society, system was strong
mughal empire: where
modern india
ottoman empire: where
modern day turkey, balkans in europe, north africa, SE asia
safavid empire: where
modern day iran
the divine right of kings
a doctrine that asserts that a monarch is subject to no earthly authority; deriving right to rule from god
absolute monarchy
one source of power with complete authority
intendants
royal officials that were sent out to provinces to execute the orders of the government
tax farmering
levied taxes on peasants through tax farmers (officials became corrupt from skimming money from their taxes)
louis XIV
“sun king” (r.1643-1715) was basically a dictator, combining the lawmaking and the justice system in his own person “i am the state”
romanov dynasty
took control in 1613 after ivan’s death but there were three groups with conflicting desires and agendas (church-traditional values/beliefs, boyars-gain/hold power, members of tsar’s royal family)
peter I
peter the great, defender of orthodoxy, created provinces (administrative divisions) after defeating his sister
devshirme
developed from an older system of slavery, christian boys were recruited by force to serve the ottoman government
janissaries
an elite force in the ottoman army
zamindars
government officials who were in charge of specific duties such as taxation, construction, and the water supply
taj mahal
built by shah jahan as a tomb for his wife in india
gutenburg priniting press
was invented by johannes gutenburg (in the holy roman empire), it allowed ideas to be spread quickly
ghazi ideal
a model for warrior life that blended the cooperative values of nomadic culture with the willingness to serve as a holy fighter for islam
tamerlane
mongolian ruler of samarkand who led his nomadic hordes to conquer an area from turkey to mongolia
shah abbas (safavid empire)
also known as abbas the great, a stabilizing force in iran following a period of civil war and foreign invasion, he helped create the safavid empire
ottoman empire: leaders
-Mehmed II (Laid siege to Constantinople in 1453 using a 26 foot bronze cannon)
-Suleiman I (reached peak under him attempted to take Viena twice, but Ottoman ability to send troops so far into Christian Europe caused great fear there)
safavid empire: leader
-Young Ismail (at 14 or 15, conquered all of Iran and was proclaimed Shah in 1501)
-shah abbas
mughal empire: leader
Akbar (was one of the richest and best-governed states in the world under him)
ottoman empire
-Largest and most enduring of the Islamic empires of the era.
-1300s - 1918
-Constantinople becomes Istanbul
safavid empire
-Origin in the Safavid order of Sufism, established in northern Azerbaijan (Iran)
-Land based military power
-Conflict over control of trade routes and emphasis on Shi’a Islam caused frequent hostilities with Ottoman Empire, which was Sunni
-This hostility lives on in Iraq and Iran
mughal empire
-Overseas trading via Arab traders flourished
-Caste (social grouping designated at birth; basis of educational and vocational opportunities in Indian society) system was strong
-4 divisions of people
-even though they were muslim rulers, they still had a hindu population
