unit 2 quiz Flashcards

1
Q

-crusades
-mongols
-technological improvements

A

what caused the growth of exchange networks between 1200 and 1450?

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2
Q

-growth of cities/oases
-commercial innovations (flying cash/banking houses)
-increase in demand for luxury goods

A

growth of exchange networks effects on the world

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3
Q

-crusaders brought back fabrics/spices from the middle east
-new goods/products increased demand for foreign goods in european markets

A

growth of exchange networks: crusades

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4
Q

-had the most significant impact
-most of silk road was under authority that respected merchants/enforced laws
-conquered abbasid caliphate
-made roads safer/more efficient (improved roads and punished bandits)
-merchants were widely respected

A

growth of exchange networks: mongols

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5
Q

safer to travel with others than alone

A

caravan impact

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6
Q

increased the weight of the load that could be carried

A

camel saddle impact

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7
Q

improved rudder and junk boat

A

magnetic compass impact

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8
Q

allowed for the establishment of banking houses where merchants could make deposits and got bills of exchange; became the basis of modern banking

A

chinese paper money and flying cash impact

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9
Q

protected merchants from northern europe

A

hanseatic league impact

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10
Q

-increased trade increased the demand from afro-eurasia, china, persia, and india
-craft workers increased their production of goods

A

luxury goods

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11
Q

refuges along trade routes that acted as trading centers; were made because the silk road passed through inhospitable terrain; ex: kashgar and samarkand

A

oases/cities

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12
Q

inns set 100 miles apart or the distance a camel could walk before needing water

A

caravanserai

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13
Q

nomadic people from central asia that highly valued courage, horsemanship, and hunting; were multiple clans of pastoral nomads

A

who were the mongols?

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14
Q

“temujin”, rose to become leader of the mongolian kingdom (tribal alliance known as khanate), people were loyal to him, was ruthless but practiced tolerance/liberal social policies

A

genghis khan

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15
Q

set up three of his grandsons with thier own khanates, this further expanded the mongolian empire into asis/europe, they easily absorbed people/trade routes into their society/economy

A

after genghis khan died

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16
Q

-was the largest land empire in history
-unified trade, had religious tolerance, liberal social practices, and blending of cultures under the pax mongolica
-were responsible for creating many connections across europe, asia, and africa
increased cultural trade/exchange
-mongol conquest helped spread the bubonic plague

A

mongolian kingdom

17
Q

-mongols were required to have military service/military officials who were chosen based on skill/loyalty
-loyalty only to the khan
-skilled horse riders, deadly with the bow (nomadic)
-incorporated military strategy (theirs and other people’s) and weapons

A

mongols strategy

18
Q

conquered modern russia, the russians realized they needed a strong/united government

A

batu and the golden horde

19
Q

marched troops into baghdad and abbasid territories

A

hulgeu and the il-khanate

20
Q

defeated the song dynasty (1235) and ruled in china for about 40 years

A

kublai khan and the yuan dynasty

21
Q

understanding of centralized power, incorporated conquered people’s culture/warfare/inventions, used a single international law

A

what led to the mongol’s success?

22
Q

-persians were allowed to serve in government positions
-initially tolerated all religions
-once il-khanate converted to islam, they supported massacres of jews/christians

A

mongol politics - persia

23
Q

-anti chinese policies were put in place
-outlawed marriage between chinese/mongols
-attempted to rid empire of chinese influence
-no chinese could serve in government
-ended confucian education system/civil service exam
-chinese wanted to overthrow them

A

mongol politics - china

24
Q

-needed to trade for militaries, offered protection along trade routes (silk road)
-merchants had a higher social status in mongol empire
-offered tax exemption to merchants and low interest rate to borrowers
-created merchants organizations (or togh)

A

mongols and trade

25
-no formal transition of power after genghis khan -successors fought -rulers has extensive spending -territories were eventually reconquered
mongol decline
26
-spread of islam (unified multiple regions -increase demand for new/specialized products -slave trade in indian ocean -environmental knowledge (monsoons winds = faster travel) -advances in maritime technology (ex: lateen sails) -growth of states -state support
causes of expanded indian ocean trade
27
indonesia/malaysia
spice islands (traded spices)
28
-diasporic communities -response to increased demand -more efficient trade practices -swahili city states (east coast of africa) -significant cultural transfers
effects of expanded indian ocean trade
29
group migration of a group that has moved from their homeland, merchants interacting, marriage between merchants/locals creates new communities and helps blend cultures
diasporic communities
30
seven voyages, represented the ming dynasty in the indian ocean, was a display of wealth and power, fleet of 300 ships (28,000 people), came to an end because zhu gaozhi discouraged (voyages contradicted confucianism)
zheng he's voyages
31
porcelain/fine china and silk
china's goods
32
-new states promoted trade (muslim rule connected trade routes) -camels were adapted to desert climate -camel saddles made riding on long trips easier -trade caravans made trade safer/more goods could be moved -more travelers began to move along routes/spread knowledge
causes of expanded sub saharan trade routes
33
-rise of mali (one of the most prosperous kingdoms in african history); timbuktu -mansa musa built mosques/schools: spread islam and education -once currency to establish a widely understood value -gold most prestigious commodity trend -west african empire expansion: mali/timbuktu -expanding role of states: trade and wealth were expanding so someone needed to administer/maintain it
effects of expanded sub-saharan trade
34
-richest man in all of history -converted to islam -lead a mass pilgrimage to mecca -displayed wealth and power -built mosques/schools in mali and beyond -spread islam and education
mansa musa