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NCMA 216 > UNIT 3 – PHARMACODYNAMICS > Flashcards

UNIT 3 – PHARMACODYNAMICS Flashcards

1
Q

It is the study of the effect of drugs on the body

A

PHARMACODYNAMICS

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2
Q

how avidly a drug binds its receptor or how the chemical forces that cause a substance to bind its receptor

A

DRUG AFFINITY

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3
Q

refers to the drug’s ability to activate the receptor once it has bound
to it

A

DRUG EFFICACY

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4
Q

facilitate receptor activation

A

Agonist

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5
Q

prevent receptor activation

A

Antagonist

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6
Q

the point at which increasing a drugs dosage no longer increases the desired therapeutic response

A

MAXIMAL EFFICACY

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7
Q

The concentration of drug in plasma that above these, toxic effects are precipitated.

A

MAXIMUM EFFECTIVE CONCENTRATION

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8
Q

refers to the amount of drug needed to elicit a specific physiologic response
or desired effect of a drug to produce a reaction. The maximal effect that a drug
produces irrespective of concentration or dose.

A

POTENCY

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9
Q

Both Drug A and Drug B achieve the same maximum effect

A

they have equal efficacy

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10
Q

has higher potency than Drug B

A

Drug A

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10
Q

achieves this effect at a lower dose

A

drug A

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10
Q

is more POTENT than Drug B

A

Drug A

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10
Q

describes the relationship between the therapeutic dose of a drug (ED50) and the toxic dose of a drug (TD50)

A

Therapeutic Index

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10
Q

the drug is moresafe to give

A

The higher the therapeutic index

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10
Q

TI =

A

TD50/ED50

Example: TD50 is 500 mg and ED50 is 250 mg = 500 / 250 = 2

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10
Q

need to be monitored closely for adverse effects.
Because the highest dose needed to produce a therapeutic effect is very close to the lethal or toxic dose.

A

Drug with lower therapeutic window

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11
Q

therepeutic Index

low therapeutic index

A
  • lithium
  • neuroleptics
  • some antibiotics
  • digoxin
  • immunosuppressives
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11
Q

If a drug Therapeutic index is small

A

the drug is a narrow therapeutic index drug.

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11
Q

If a drug Therapeutic Index is big

A

the drug is a wide therapeutic index drug

11
Q

therepeutic Index

High therapeutic index

A
  • NSAIDs
  • Sedative/hypnotics
  • most antibiotics
  • beta-blockers
12
Q

High therapeutic index

NSAIDs

A
  • aspirin
  • tylenol
  • ibuprofen
12
Q

High therapeutic index

sedative/hypnotics

A
  • benzodiazepines
13
Q

low therapeutic index

neuroleptics

A
  • phenytoin
  • phenobartibal
14
Q

low therapeutic index

some antibiotics

A
  • gent/vanco/amikacin
14
Q

PARAMETERS OF DRUG ACTIONS

A
  • ONSET
  • PEAK
  • DURATION OF ACTION
15
Q

PARAMETERS OF DRUG ACTIONS

Time from drug administration to first observable effect. The minimal effect of the drug is felt.

A

ONSET

16
Q

PARAMETERS OF DRUG ACTIONS

ONSET formula is

A

T0 – T1

Example: A drug is given at 8AM (T0) and give the minimum effect at 8:15 AM
(T1), at 9AM (T2) the highest effectiveness of the drug was felt. At 10 AM (T3)
the drug was no longer felt.

17
Q

PARAMETERS OF DRUG ACTIONS

PEAK formula is

A

T0 – T2

Example: A drug is given at 8AM (T0) and give the minimum effect at 8:15 AM
(T1), at 9AM (T2) the highest effectiveness of the drug was felt. At 10 AM (T3)
the drug was no longer felt.

18
Q

PARAMETERS OF DRUG ACTIONS

DURATION OF ACTION formula is

A

Formula is T1 – T3

Example: A drug is given at 8AM (T0) and give the minimum effect at 8:15 AM
(T1), at 9AM (T2) the highest effectiveness of the drug was felt. At 10 AM (T3)
the drug was no longer felt.

19
Q

PARAMETERS OF DRUG ACTIONS

Onset is 8am to 8:15 am =

A

15 minutes

20
Q

PARAMETERS OF DRUG ACTIONS

Peak is from 8am to 9am =

A

1 hour

21
Q

PARAMETERS OF DRUG ACTIONS

Duration of action is from 8:15 am to 10 am =

A

1 hour and 45 minutes

22
Q

DRUG RESPONSE

A
  • Primary
  • Secondary

Example: Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)

23
Q

DRUG RESPONSE

always desirable/physiologic effects

A

Primary

24
Q

DRUG RESPONSE

desirable or undesirable

A

Secondary

25
Q

DRUG RESPONSE

antihistamine; treat symptoms of allergy

A

Primary effect:

26
Q

DRUG RESPONSE

dizziness, sleepy, drowsiness

A

Secondary effect

27
Q

DRUG-DRUG INTERACTION

DRUG-DRUG INTERACTION

A

highest priority related to taking more than one
medication.

28
Q

DRUG-DRUG INTERACTION

DRUG-DRUG INTERACTION

A
  • Additive Effect
  • Synergistic
  • Potentiation
  • Antagonistic
29
Q

DRUG-DRUG INTERACTION

when two drugs given together have an effect equal to the sum
of their respective effects.

A

Additive Effect

30
Q

DRUG-DRUG INTERACTION

drugs may increase each other’s effect to an amount that is greater than the sum of their individual effects. It increases the effectiveness of the drug.

A

Synergistic

31
Q

DRUG-DRUG INTERACTION

the interaction of one drug increased by the presence of a second
drug.

A

Potentiation

32
Q

DRUG-DRUG INTERACTION

The combined effect of two drugs is less than the sum of their individual effects. It decreases the effectiveness of the drug.

A

Antagonistic

33
Q

Abnormal reactivity to the drug caused by a genetic
difference between the patient and normal individual. For example one patient taking
glutathione will result to healthy cells, whereas for patient with G6PD, glutathione will
cause anemia.

A

IDIOSYNCRATIC REACTION

34
Q

The degree to which a drug can be poisonous and thus harmful to the human body. deleterious effects of drug over dosage or too much accumulation of drug
on the blood stream.

A

DRUG TOXICITY

NCMA 216 (5 decks)

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