Unit 1 – Fundamental Concepts in Pharmacology Flashcards
is the study of drugs and its origin, chemical structure, preparation,
administration, action, metabolism and excretion.
PHARMACOLOGY
art of preparing, compounding, and dispensing drugs. It also refers to the place where drugs are prepared and dispensed
PHARMACY
first phase of drug when taken via the oral route, solid drugs will be converted to liquid form by gastric acids.
PHARMACEUTIC
study of the time course of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism,
and excretion. How the body moves and affects the drugs. What the body do to the drug.
PHARMACOKINETICS
study of a drug’s molecular, biochemical, and physiologic effects or actions. What the drug does to the body.
PHARMACODYNAMICS
DRUG NAMES
- Generic or Nonproprietary Name
- Brand name or trade name or proprietary name
- Chemical name
DRUG NAMES
name approved by the Medical or Pharmaceutical Associations in the original country of manufacture and is adopted by all countries.
e.g. Paracetamol
Generic or Nonproprietary Name
DRUG NAMES
name given by the manufacturer of the
drug for selling in the market.
e.g. Adol or Panadol or Biogesic
Brand name or trade name or proprietary name
DRUG NAMES
name that describes the atomic or chemical structure
Chemical name
DRUG ACTIONS
- Stimulation
- Depression
- Excipients
- Therapeutic effect
- Side effect
- ADVERSE EFFECT (severe side effects)
- Type A
- Type B
- Drug Toxicity
- Drug Allergy
- Drug Tolerance
DRUG ACTIONS
effect is when the drug increases the rate of cell activity or secretion from the
gland.
Stimulation
DRUG ACTIONS
effect is when the drug decreases the rate of cell activity or secretion from the
gland.
Depression
DRUG ACTIONS
substances that will allow drug to take on particular size and shape and to enhance
drug dissolution.
Excipients
DRUG ACTIONS
also referred as the DESIRED EFFECT (primary effect intended)
Therapeutic effect
DRUG ACTIONS
also referred as the SECONDARY EFFECT (unintended effect) – Hold the
medications and inform the doctor.
Side effect
DRUG ACTIONS
Hold the medications and inform the doctor.
ADVERSE EFFECT (severe side effects)
DRUG ACTIONS
Augmented – expected
Type A
DRUG ACTIONS
Bizarre – totally unexpected
Type B
DRUG ACTIONS
Deleterious effects of a drug resulting from over dosage, ingestion of external
use drug, and accumulation on the blood stream
Drug Toxicity
DRUG ACTIONS
immunologic reaction to drug
Drug Allergy
DRUG ACTIONS
exists in person with unusually minimal physiologic response to a drug compared to other individuals. A person was given a maximum dose of a drug but experienced low physiologic response/effect.
Drug Tolerance
DRUG ACTIONS
Repeated administration of the same drug decreases the effectiveness of that drug
increasing the dose usually will be done
PRACTICE GUIDELINES
If the RN is uncertain about the calculation
ask another nurse to double check
PRACTICE GUIDELINES
What you prepare, you administer
Do not allow other nurse to give the medication that
you prepared.
PRACTICE GUIDELINES
Check Label of
medication
PRACTICE GUIDELINES
Comparison of medication from written order to
medication sheet
PRACTICE GUIDELINES
Recheck after preparation with
another nurse
PRACTICE GUIDELINES
check ID band, ask the patient his name, compare in
the patients chart and ID band.Correct Identification of patient
Correct Identification of patient
PRACTICE GUIDELINES
most important principle in drug
administration.
Observe 10 rights in giving medication
PRACTICE GUIDELINES
10 rights in giving medication
- Right Medication
- Right dose
- Right time
- Right route
- Right client
- Right client education
- Right documentation
- Right to refuse
- Right assessment
- Right evaluation
PRACTICE GUIDELINES
check at least 3 times
Right Medication
PRACTICE GUIDELINES
Asking patients name and compare it with ID band.
Right client
PRACTICE GUIDELINES
correct drug computation
Right dose
PRACTICE GUIDELINES
education about the medication and why it has been
Right client education
PRACTICE GUIDELINES
nurse first action is to educate the patient on the importance of
medication.
Right to refuse
Safe drug administration
- Oral Medications
- Avoid crushing
- If the patient has difficulty swallowing an enteric coated tablet or capsule
- If client has been prescribed with a new medication, the nurse should include in the health teachings
- OTIC MEDICATIONS
Safe drug administration
most convenient route for drug administration, do not give to
patient who are vomiting
Oral Medications
Safe drug administration
sustained action drugs, enteric coated, buccal or sublingual tablets
If the patient has difficulty swallowing an enteric coated tablet or capsule – advise the patient
to take the medication with a large amount of water to facilitate swallowing.
Give plenty of water to help swallow big enteric coated capsules or tablets.
Avoid crushing
Safe drug administration
produces a more rapid response than oral medications
Parenteral medications
Safe drug administration
If client has been prescribed with a new medication
the nurse should include in the
health teachings
Safe drug administration
If client has been prescribed with a new medication, the nurse should include in the
health teachings
a. Desired effect of the medication
b. Dietary considerations
c. Storage of medication in the refrigerator
d. Written instructions on how to administer the medication
OTIC MEDICATIONS
Child – backwards and downwards
Adult – backwards and upwards
