Unit 3: Period 4 Vocab

Question 1

Whigs

Answer 1

Political party that rivaled the Democratic Party. Ex. Henry Clay. Supported congress over the President. Appealed to business-y peps but not Old McDonald and his farmer friends.

Question 2

Embargo Act

Answer 2

Thomas Jefferson ruined his entire reputation by stopping trade with all outside nations. He passed this during his second Presidency.

Question 3

Seneca Fall Convention

Answer 3

First woman’s rights convention. #womanpower. Organized by female Quakers.

Question 4

Utopian Communities

Answer 4

Idealistic and impractical communities. Who, Rather than seeking to create an ideal government or reform the world, withdrew from the sinful, corrupt world to work their miracles in microcosm, hoping to imitate the elect state of affairs that existed among the Apostles.

Question 5

American Colonization Society

Answer 5

Founded to help assist free black people back to Africa. Founded in NJ, a northern state.

Question 6

Frederick Douglass

Answer 6

African American abolitionist. Escaped from slavery and went up north to MA. First African American nominated to be VP and ran with a woman.

Question 7

Hudson River School

Answer 7

American art (painting) movement which embodied landscapes influenced by romanticism.

Question 8

John J Audubon

Answer 8

Painter known for painting and learning about birds. #cawcaw

Question 9

Richard Allen

Answer 9

Black minister/ bishop (ur Jew girly doesn’t know the difference.) Founded African Methodist Episcopal Church.

Question 10

David Walker

Answer 10

Black abolitionist. He was born free, lived in Boston. Published Appeal to the Coloured Citizens of the World.

Question 11

Samuel Slater

Answer 11

Father of the industrial revolution. Brought British technology to the US. Designed textile mills.

Question 12

Lowell System

Answer 12

Created textile mills where mill girls could earn more money than they did at home and the mill girls would live near the factory.

Question 13

American System

Answer 13

An economic plan that used the ideas of Hamilton (the dude not the musical) and created tariffs to protect industry along with a new national bank and internal improvement. This was the Henry Clay plan.

Question 14

Cult of Domesticity

Answer 14

A values system that created standards for women.

Question 15

Lydia Marie Child

Answer 15

Abolitionist, women’s rights activist, Native American rights activist. Wrote the poem Over the River and Through the Wood, her most known work.

Question 16

Monroe Doctrine

Answer 16

Basically a statement written by John Quincy Adams but delivered to the house by Monroe that said “Europe get out of this hemisphere and we will stay out of your affairs.”

Question 17

Webster- Ashburton Treaty

Answer 17

Signed during John Tyler’s presidency. It was signeed between the US and British North American colonies. It resolved the Aroostook War. Resolved Great Lakes/rockies border disputes

Question 18

Hartford Convention

Answer 18

• end of Federalist Party
• growing issue of Sectionalism
• federalist opposed the war of 1812

Question 19

Nullification Crisis

Answer 19

Tariffs of 1828 and 1832 were declared unconstitutional inSC and they ignored the law.

Question 20

War Hawks

Answer 20

They were those peps who wanted war against England (War of 1812) because of impressment and land in Canada, Texas, Florida

Question 21

Indian Removal Act

Answer 21

Trail of Tears. Under Jackson, he wanted to move the Indians westward and although John Marshall was like “this isn’t cool” Jackson ignored the Supreme Court and ordered the army to listen to him.

Question 22

Daniel Webster

Answer 22

Leading American statesman during the Antebellum Period; leader of the Whig Party, opposed Jackson and the Democratic Party; spokesman for modernization, banking, and industry; served in the House of Representatives, Senate, and Secretary of State for 3 presidents; successful lawyer; member of the Great Triumvirate with Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun.

Question 23

Trail of Tears

Answer 23

• forced migration of Cherokee Indians 1838–> west of Mississippi River
• 10,000 miles, many Indians died

Question 24

Roger Taney

Answer 24

•Chief Justice, ruled against Dred Scott case
•Scott (slave) denied freedom bc even though he lived in a free state, the Supreme Court ruled that slave owners own their slaves and slaves have no right to sue in federal court
MAJOR CAUSE OF CIVIL WAR

Question 25

Nicholas Biddle

Answer 25

* president of Second Bank of the US | * tried to get bank reinstated to expand, vetoed by Jackson

Question 26

Specie Circular

Answer 26

* financial policy issued by Jackson, land speculation: required gold / silver for land purchases * purpose: drain money out of national bank into "pet banks" (loyal supporters)

Question 27

Panic of 1837

Answer 27

* Specie Circular --> devaluing bank notes | * financial crisis: ppl withdrawing money, profit, prices, & wages went down, unemployment went up

Question 28

Seminole Wars

Answer 28

When Andrew Jackson received orders from Calhoun to stop the raids on American territory by Seminole Indians, he used it as an excuse to invade Florida and seize the Spanish forts at St. Marks and Pensacola, an operation which became known as the Seminole war. The American Government assumed responsibility for Jackson's raid, saying that they had done what was necessary to stop threats from across the borders, and demonstrated to the Spanish that the United States could easily take Florida by force and that they might consider doing so.

Question 29

Henry Clay

Answer 29

The Great Compromiser. Came up with the Missouri Compromise. Used John Quincy Adams as a puppet and got all of his ideas past. Helped Adams get the presidency with the corrupt bargin

Question 30

John C Calhoun

Answer 30

He was the dude from SC who wanted to nullify the tariff of 1828 because it discriminated against the south. He basically came up with the idea of nullification

Question 31

Tecumseh

Answer 31

A native American leader of the Shawnee who led a large tribal confederacy. Became and ally of

Question 32

John Marshall

Answer 32

A midnight appointment of Madison. He ruled in favor of the Indians when they sued the government for the land they were almost kicked off of, but Jackson ignored Marshall's ruling.

Question 33

Judicial Review

Answer 33

The Supreme Court has the right to declare acts unconstitutional. MARBURY vs MADISON

Question 34

"King Caucus"

Answer 34

* congressmen nominating the president and VP | * general public had no direct input

Question 35

"Corrupt Bargain"

Answer 35

•Henry Clay supports Adams in HoR •Adams becomes president -Jackson had popular vote but not enough electoral college •Adams makes Clay his Secretary of State

Question 36

Webster - Haine Debate

Answer 36

* debating nature of federal Union * Webster (Mass.) disagree with : “any state could defy / leave Union” * Jackson & Calhoun agreed: “Our federal Union, must be preserved"

Question 37

Tariff of Abominations

Answer 37

* Increased Tariff of 1828 * favored northern states with factories, alienated southerners * --> Nullification Crisis

Question 38

Whigs

Answer 38

* political party united on the fact tht they all hated Jackson * ANTI MONARCH

Question 39

Spoils System

Answer 39

* giving gov jobs to loyal ppl | * rotation of office holders (appointed for one term)

Question 40

Horace Mann

Answer 40

* secretary of Mass. board edu. * public school reform * set standards for public schooling

Question 41

Harriet Tubman

Answer 41

* African American woman | * abolitionist

Question 42

Abolition

Answer 42

•putting an end to slavery (should be illegal)

Question 43

William Lloyd Garrison

Answer 43

* American white male | * abolitionist, journalist, social reformer

Question 44

Mormons

Answer 44

* church founded by Joseph Smith, 1830 * headquarters: Salt Lake City, Utah * moderation, saving, hard work, risk taking * 1840, golden plates, visited by angel? * church of later day saints, Book of Mormon * driven out of NY --> Midwest, persecuted for beliefs

Question 45

Brigham Young

Answer 45

* American leader of the Latter Day Saint movement * 2nd president of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints * brought Mormons to safe haven in St Lake City, Utah

Question 46

Transcendentalism

Answer 46

•reaction to rationalism in New England •humanity's relation to nature • •

Question 47

Grimke sisters

Answer 47

•first female advocates for abolition and women's rights

Question 48

Susan B Anthony

Answer 48

* social reformer * women's suffrage movement * Quaker - social equality

Question 49

Nat Turner

Answer 49

* enslaved African American * led slave rebellion of slaves & free blacks in Virginia 1831 * = death of 60ish white ppl

Question 50

Dorothea Dix

Answer 50

* American activist | * 1st mental asylum

Question 51

WCTU

Answer 51

* Woman's Christian Temperance Union | * linked religion with social reform

Question 52

New Harmony

Answer 52

•upotian community -1814-1825 •economic failure after 2 years

Question 53

Washington Irving

Answer 53

•American short story writer, essayist, biographer, historian, and diplomat of the early 19th century

Question 54

James fenimore cooper

Answer 54

* 19th century American writer * historical romances: frontier / Indian life * unique form of American literature

Question 55

Aaron Burr

Answer 55

Vice President under Jefferson, threatens to secede New England from union, killed Hamilton in 1804 duel, planned to take Mexico from Spain and unite it with Louisiana under his rule --> later tried for treason

Question 56

Hartford Convention

Answer 56

New England federalist discuss war grievances from Federal government's harmful involvement War of 1812 and threatened to succeed union Barbary Pirates

Question 57

Charles Finney

Answer 57

Presbyterian minister who led the second great awakening revivalism preaching fear of damnation in NY

Question 58

Missouri Compromise

Answer 58

Devised by Henry Clay, it regulated slavery in the country's western territories by prohibiting the practice in the former Louisiana Territory north of the parallel 36°30′ north, except within the boundaries of the proposed state of Missouri. "delaying civil war"

Question 59

Battle of Tippecanoe

Answer 59

General William Henry Harrison defeated in an attempt to unify and defend lands led by the Shawnee, important because it solidified the suspicion that British were giving weapons to native Americans (inciting)

Question 60

Barabary Pirates

Answer 60

Washington and Adams have paid tribute to North African pirates and when leader of Tripoli demands more tribute, Jefferson defeats him in the mediterranean

Question 61

Chesapeake-Leopard Affair

Answer 61

British warship leopard fired on US warship Chesapeake, Jefferson reacted with diplomacy and economic pressure, but the British continued impressment, leading to war of 1812

Question 62

Non-intercourse act

Answer 62

America can trade with all but France and GB, enforced by Madison (replaced embargo act)

Question 63

Macon's Bill No. 2

Answer 63

If either France of Britain would pledge to respect the neutrality of the US, the US would prohibit trade with the foe (tried to reinvigorate US trading situation)

Question 64

Old Ironsides

Answer 64

Frigate (boat) of the US navy named by Washington after the Constitution, used during war of 1812 against the British blockade

Question 65

Francis Scott Key

Answer 65

Wrote the "star spangled banner"

Question 66

Tallmadge Amendment

Answer 66

Amendment to the Missouri Bill that prohibited the introduction of slaves into missouri and required that children of missouri slaves be emancipated at age 25, although it failed, the south was ENRAGED

Question 67

Battle of New Orleans

Answer 67

Final battle by Andrew Jackson in 1816, a year after the war ended

Question 68

Treaty of Ghent

Answer 68

A halt of fighting (war of 1812), return of all conquered territory to prewar claimant, recognition of the prewar boundary between Canada and US

Question 69

Rush-Bagot Agreement

Answer 69

1817 disarmament pact between US and GB, limited naval armament on Great Lakes, placed limits on border fortifications, Border between Canada and US is the longest unfortified border in the world

Question 70

Florida Purchase Treaty

Answer 70

Spain turned over Florida, claim in Oregon territory, US assumes 5 million in claims against Spain and gives up US claims on Spanish province of Texas

Question 71

Samuel Slater

Answer 71

Brought British textile technology to America dubbed "Father of the Factory System" - first factory in 1791

Question 72

Market Revolution

Answer 72

Economic growth in capitalism in the early nineteenth century spurred by roads and canals (Erie) connecting western and coastal markets

Question 73

Robert Fulton

Answer 73

Developed commercial steamboat (Clermont) up Hudson river

Question 74

Protective Tariff

Answer 74

A duty imposed on imports to raise their price, making them less attractive to consumers and thus protecting domestic industries from foreign competition (Hamilton, Henry Clay, Adams' "tariff of abomination" opposed by Southerners)

Question 75

National Road

Answer 75

(also known as the Cumberland Road) the first major improved highway in the United States built by the federal government.

Question 76

Cultural Nationalism

Answer 76

Youth were excited about the prospect of a new nation expanding westward and had little interest in Europe politics, expanding public school systems promoted patriotism, self-reliancy, republican motherhood, great awakening, and American literature

Question 77

Economic Nationalism

Answer 77

Political movement to support the growth of the nation's economy (subsidizing the internal improvements and protecting budding US industries from European competition through tariffs [clay])

Question 78

Sectionalism

Answer 78

Distinctions between the north (commercial farming and industrial), south (permitted slavery), and west (fresh freedom on the frontier)

Question 79

Nativist

Answer 79

the policy of protecting the interests of native-born or established inhabitants against those of immigrants (anti-immigrant people)

Question 80

American Party

Answer 80

A former political party active in the 1850s to keep power out of the hands of immigrants and Roman Catholics (called nativists)

Question 81

Urbanization

Answer 81

A population shift from rural to urban areas, "the gradual increase in the proportion of people living in urban areas", and the ways in which each society adapts to the change.

Question 82

"King Cotton"

Answer 82

Expression used by Southern authors and orators before the Civil War to indicate the economic dominance of the Southern cotton industry, and that the North needed the South's cotton. Used during civil war

Question 83

Nat Turner

Answer 83

An enslaved African American who led the Nat Turner's slave rebellion of slaves and free blacks in Southampton County, Virginia. Resulted in the deaths of 55 to 65 white people. In retaliation, white militias and mobs killed more than 200 black people while putting down the rebellion.

Question 84

Denmark Vesey

Answer 84

A literate, skilled carpenter and leader among African Americans in Charleston, South Carolina. He is notable as the accused and convicted ringleader of "the rising," a major potential slave revolt planned for the city in June 1822; he was executed.