Unit 3 - Nuclear Chemistry - Intro and Radioactive Decay - Regents

Question 1

What does nuclear chemistry deal with?

Answer 1

Properties of Radioactive Substances

Question 2

What are radioactive characteristics of a substance determined by?

Answer 2

Behavior of the Nucleus

Question 3

Definition of Nuclear

Answer 3

Involving the nucleus
(Protons and Neutrons)

Question 4

Definition of Radioactivity

Answer 4

To become more stable, isotope releases radiation

Question 5

What did Marie Curie discover? (2)

Answer 5

1. Spontaneous disintegration
2. Of some elements into smaller pieces

Question 6

What is the ratio of N:P that determines stability? How does it determine stability? (3)

Answer 6

1. 1.5:1
2. If N:P < or equal to 1.5:1, it’s stable
3. N:P > 1.5:1, it’s radioactive

Question 7

What are the four types of radioactive particles?

Answer 7

Alpha
Beta
Positron
Gamma

Question 8

What are alpha particles?

Mass, Make - Up, Charge

Answer 8

Mass - 4
Makeup - 2 Protons and 2 Neutrons
Charge - 2+

Question 9

What are beta particles

Mass, Make - Up, Charge

Answer 9

Mass - 1/1837 (0)
Makeup - 1 electron
Charge - 1-

(Basically, a beta particle is an electron)

Question 10

What are Gamma Rays? (2)

Answer 10

1. Photons of electromagnetic energy
2. Chargless and Massless Wave

Question 11

What are positrons?

Mass, Makeup and Charge

Answer 11

Mass: 1/1837 (0)
Makeup: Antimatter Electron
Charge: 1+

Question 12

What is an antimatter electron?

Answer 12

Has everything in common with an electron except its positive charge

Question 13

What happens when a positron and electron meet? (2)

Answer 13

1. Annihalate each other
2. Release E in form of gamma rays

Question 14

What are the penetration powers of alpha beta and gamma?

Answer 14

1. Alpha - Cannot pass through the pores of paper due to its large size
2. Beta - Cannot pass through the pores of aluminum
3. Gamma - Cannot pass through the pores of lead

Question 15

Are neutrons and protons nuclear particles?

Answer 15

Yes, both neutrons and protons are considered nuclear particles.

Question 16

Definition of Transmutation

Answer 16

To become stable, element becomes another

Question 17

What elements have stable and unstable isotopes? (2)

Answer 17

1. Elements 1 - 83 can be both stable and unstable
2. All isotopes of elements above 83 are radioactive

Question 18

What is natrual transmutation? (2)

Answer 18

1. Occurs spontaneously nature
2. No stimulants are added

Question 19

What is artificial transmutation? (2)

Answer 19

1. Atomic nuclei are bombarded in a lab
2. Stimulants are added

Question 20

How do particle accelerators work? (2)

Answer 20

1. Shoots particles fast enough
2. To target and penetrate the nucleus

Question 21

What is a nuclear reaction? (4)

Process, Process, Result, Result

Answer 21

1. Unstable nuclei interact
2. Change in element
3. Energy is Emmitted
4. Increase stablity

Question 22

What is a nuclear reaction also called?

Answer 22

Radioactive Decay

Question 23

Electron from the Nucleus

Answer 23

Beta

Question 24

Most Penetrating

Answer 24

Gamma Ray

Question 25

Fastest

Answer 25

Gamma Ray

Question 26

No mass

Answer 26

Gamma Ray

Question 26

Heaviest

Answer 26

Alpha

Question 27

Rutherford Bullets

Answer 27

Alpha

Question 28

Identical to a helium nucleus

Answer 28

Alpha

Question 29

When this particle is released, atomic number is increased by 1

Answer 29

Beta

Question 30

When this particle is released, atomic number decreases by 2

Answer 30

Alpha

Question 31

What are the 5 different methods an unstable element become stable?

Answer 31

1. Alpha Decay 2. Beta Decay 3. Electron Capture 4. Positron Decay 5. Gamma Decay

Question 32

What is alpha decay? (3) Process, Emmition, Result

Answer 32

1. Loss of 2 protons and 2 neutrons 2. Unstable nucleus emits an alpha particle 3. Z decreases by 2 and A decreases by 4

Question 33

What is beta decay? (3) Process, Emmition, Result

Answer 33

1. Neutron is converted into a proton 2. Unstable nucleus emits a beta particle 3. No change in A, and increase in Z by 1

Question 34

What is electron capture? (3) Cause, Process, Result

Answer 34

1. Unstable nucleus absorbs its own e- 2. e- combines with p+ to convert into a n 3. A stays the same, Z decreases by 1

Question 35

What is positron decay? (3) Process, Emmition, Result

Answer 35

1. Proton is converted into a neutron 2. Unstable nucleus excited positive energy or positron 3. Z decreases by 1, and A stays the same

Question 36

What is Gamma Decay? Process, Result

Answer 36

1. If nucleus is still unstable, it will release excess energy 2. In form of gamma rays

Question 37

What takes a stable nucleus and turns it into an unstable one?

Answer 37

Artificial Transmutation

Question 38

What conditions are needed to form He - 4 during a fusion reaction in the Sun?

Answer 38

High pressure and High Temperature

Question 39

Why does the sum of masses of the products are slightly less than the sum of the masses of reactants in a fission and fusion reaction?

Answer 39

Missing Mass was converted to Energy