Unit 3: Module 3.4 - 3.5 Flashcards
Cognition
All the mental activities associated with thinking and remembering
Schema
A concept or framework that organizes and interprets information
Assimilation
Interpreting our new experiences in terms of our existing schemas
Accommodation
Adapting our current schemas to incorporate new information
Sensorimotor Stage
The stage at which infants know the world mostly in terms of their sensory impressions
Object Permanence
The awareness that things continue to exist even when not perceived
Preoperational Stage
The stage at which a child learns to use language but not yet understand the mental operations of concrete logic
Conservation
The principle that properties such as mass and volume remain the same despite the change in shape of objects
Egocentrism
The preoperational child’s difficulty taking another’s pov
Concrete Operational Stage
The stage of cognitive development at which children can perform the mental operations that enable them to think logically
Formal Operational Stage
The stage of cognitive development at which people to think logically about abstract concepts
Scaffold
A framework that offers children temporary support as they develop higher levels of thinking
Theory Of Mind
People’s ideas about their own and other’s mental states
Language
An agreed-upon system of spoken or written way to communicate meaning
Phoneme
The smallest distinct sound unit in a language
Morpheme
The smallest unit that carries meaning (a prefix) in a language
Grammar
A system of rules that enables us to communicate/understand each other
Universal Grammar
Humans innate predisposition to understand the principles and rules that govern grammar in all languages
Babbling Stage
The stage in speech development in which an infant spontaneously utters various sounds that don’t sound like a language
One-Word Stage
The stage in speech development in which a child speaks mostly in single words
Two-Word Stage
The stage in speech development in which a child speaks mostly in two-word sentences
Telegraphic Speech
The early speech stage in which a child speaks like a telegram (go car)
Aphasia
Impairment of language, usually caused by left hemisphere damage
Broca’s Area
A frontal lobe brain area in the left hemisphere that helps control language
Wernicke’s Area
A brain area involved in language comprehension and expression
Linguistic Determinism
Whorf’s hypothesis that language determines the way we think
Linguistic Relativism
The idea that language influences the way we think
