Unit 2: Module 2.2a - 2.2b

Question 1

Cognition

Answer 1

All the mental activities associated with thinking, remembering, and communicating

Question 2

Metacognition

Answer 2

Cognition about our cognition; keeping track of and evaluating our mental health

Question 3

Concept

Answer 3

A mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas, or people

Question 4

Prototype

Answer 4

A mental image or best example of a category

Question 5

Schema

Answer 5

A concept or framework that organizes and interprets information

Question 6

Assimilation

Answer 6

Interpreting our new experiences in terms of our existing schemas

Question 7

Accomodation

Answer 7

Adapting our current schemas to incorporate new information

Question 8

Creativity

Answer 8

The ability to produce new and valuable ideas

Question 9

Convergent Thinking

Answer 9

Narrowing the available problem solutions to determine the single best solution

Question 10

Divergent Thinking

Answer 10

Expanding the number of possible problem solutions; creative thinking the diverges in different directions

Question 11

Executive Functions

Answer 11

Cognitive skills that work together, enabling us to organize and plan goal-directed behavior

Question 12

Algorithm

Answer 12

A logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a particular problem

Question 13

Heuristic

Answer 13

A simple thinking strategy–a mental shortcut–that helps us solve problems efficiently

Question 14

Insight

Answer 14

A sudden realization of a problem’s solution; contrasts with strategy-based solutions

Question 15

Confirmation Bias

Answer 15

A tendency to search for information that supports our preconceptions and ignore outside evidence

Question 16

Fixation

Answer 16

In cognition, the inability to see a problem from a new perspective

Question 17

Mental Set

Answer 17

A tendency to approach a problem in one particular way, often a way that has been successful in the past

Question 18

Intuition

Answer 18

An effortless, immediate, automatic feeling or thought, as contrasted with explicit, conscious reasoning

Question 19

Representativeness Heuristic

Answer 19

Judging the likelihood of events in terms of how well they seem to represent, or match, particular prototypes

Question 20

Availability Heuristic

Answer 20

Judging the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory

Question 21

Overconfidence

Answer 21

The tendency to be more confident than correct

Question 22

Belief Perseverance

Answer 22

The persistence of one’s initial conceptions even after the basis on which they were formed has been discredited

Question 23

Framing

Answer 23

The way an issue is posed; how an issue is framed can significantly affect decisions and judgments

Question 24

Nudge

Answer 24

Framing choices in a way that encourages people to make beneficial decisions