Unit 2: Module 2.4 - 2.6

Question 1

Explicit Memory

Answer 1

Retention of facts and experiences that we can consciously know and “declare”

Question 2

Effortful Processing

Answer 2

Encoding that requires attention and conscious effort

Question 3

Automatic Processing

Answer 3

Unconscious encoding of incidental information, such as space, time, and frequency

Question 4

Implicit Memory

Answer 4

Retention of learned skills or classically conditioned associations independent of conscious recollection

Question 5

Iconic Memory

Answer 5

A momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli (a picture lasting no more than a few seconds)

Question 6

Echoic Memory

Answer 6

A momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli

Question 7

Chunking

Answer 7

Organizing items into familiar, manageable units

Question 8

Mnemonics

Answer 8

Memory aids, especially those techniques that use vivid imagery

Question 9

Spacing Effect

Answer 9

The tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice

Question 10

Testing Effect

Answer 10

Enhanced memory after retrieving, rather than simply rereading information

Question 11

Shallow Processing

Answer 11

Encoding on a basic level, based on the structure or appearance of words

Question 12

Deep Processing

Answer 12

Encoding semantically; based on the meaning of the words (tends to yield the best retention)

Question 13

Semantic Memory

Answer 13

Explicit memory of facts and general knowledge

Question 14

Episodic Memory

Answer 14

Explicit memory of personally experienced events

Question 15

Hippocampus

Answer 15

A neural center located in the limbic system; helps process explicit memories

Question 16

Memory Consolidation

Answer 16

The neural storage of a long-term memory

Question 17

Flashbulb Memory

Answer 17

A clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event

Question 18

Priming

Answer 18

The activation, often unconsciously, of particular associations in memory

Question 19

Encoding Specificity Principle

Answer 19

The idea that cues and contexts specific to a particular memory will be most effective in helping us recall it

Question 20

Mood-Congruent Memory

Answer 20

The tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with one’s current good or bad mood

Question 21

Serial Position Effect

Answer 21

Our tendency to recall best the last items in a list initially and the first items in a list after a delay

Question 22

Interleaving

Answer 22

A retrieval practice strategy that involves mixing the study of different topics