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AP Psych > Unit 1: Module 1.2 - 1.3b > Flashcards

Unit 1: Module 1.2 - 1.3b Flashcards

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1
Q

Nervous system

A

The body’s speedy, electrochemical, communication network

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2
Q

CNS

A

The brain and spinal cord

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3
Q

PNS

A

The sensory and motor neurons that connect the central nervous system to the rest of the body

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4
Q

Nerves

A

Neural cables connecting the CNS with muscles, glands, and sensory organs

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5
Q

Sensory (afferent) neurons

A

Neurons that carry incoming information from the body’s tissues to the brain/spinal cord

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6
Q

Motor (efferent) neurons

A

Neurons that carry outgoing information from the brain to the muscles and glands

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7
Q

Inter neurons

A

Neurons in the brain and spinal cord that process information (motor or sensory)

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8
Q

Somatic nervous system

A

The division of the peripheral nervous system that controls the body’s skeletal muscles

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9
Q

ANS

A

Part of the peripheral nervous system that controls the glands and muscles of internal organs

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10
Q

Sympathetic nervous system

A

The division of the autonomic nervous system that arouses the body

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11
Q

Parasympathetic nervous system

A

The division of the autonomic nervous system that calms the body

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12
Q

Reflex

A

A simple, automatic response to a sensory stimulus

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13
Q

Neuron

A

A nerve cell (building block of nerves)

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14
Q

Cell body

A

The part of a neuron that contains the nucleus

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15
Q

Dendrites

A

A neuron’s extension that receives and integrates messages (bushy/branching)

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16
Q

Axon

A

The segmented neuron extension that passes messages through its branches

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17
Q

Myelin sheath

A

A fatty tissue layer segmentally encasing the axons of some neurons (faster transmission speed)

18
Q

Glial cells

A

Cells in the nervous system that support, nourish, and protect neurons

19
Q

Action potential

A

A neural impulse (brief electrical charge that goes down an axon

20
Q

Threshold

A

The level of stimulation required to trigger a neural impulse

21
Q

refractory period

A

A brief resting pause that occurs after a neuron has fired (happens after a guy you know…)

22
Q

All-or-none response

A

A neuron’s reaction of either firing or not firing

23
Q

Synapse

A

The junction between the axon tip of the sending neuron and the dendrite

24
Q

Neurotransmitters

A

Chemical messengers that cross the synaptic gap between neurons.

25
Q

Reuptake

A

A neurotransmitter’s reabsorption by the sending neuron

26
Q

Endorphins

A

“Morphine within”; natural, opioid-like neurotransmitters linked to pain or pleasure

27
Q

Agonist

A

A molecule that increases a neurotransmitter’s action

28
Q

Antagonist

A

A molecule that inhibits or blocks a neurotransmitter’s action

29
Q

Endocrine system

A

The body’s “slow” chemical communication system

30
Q

Hormones

A

Chemical messengers that are manufactured by the endocrine gland and travel through the bloodstream

31
Q

Psychoactive drug

A

A chemical substance that alters the brain (causes changes in perceptions and mood)

32
Q

Substance use disorder

A

Continued substance use despite resulting life disruption

33
Q

Depressants

A

Drugs that reduce neural activity and slow body functions

34
Q

Tolerance

A

The diminishing effect with regular use of the same dose of a drug, requiring the user to take a larger size of a dose

35
Q

Addiction

A

An everyday term for compulsive substance use that continues despite harmful consequences

36
Q

Withdrawal

A

The discomfort and distress that follow discontinuing an addictive drug or behavior

37
Q

Barbiturates

A

Drugs that depress CNS activity (reduces anxiety but impairs memory/judgement

38
Q

Opioids

A

Opium and its derivatives; they depress neural activity

39
Q

Stimulants

A

Drugs that excite neural activity and speed up body functions

40
Q

Hallucinogens

A

Psychedelic drugs that distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input

41
Q

Near-death experience

A

An altered state of consciousness reported after a close brush with death

AP Psych (4 decks)

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