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Biochem > Unit 3: Membrane Transport > Flashcards

Unit 3: Membrane Transport Flashcards

1
Q

Polar molecules

A

Electrons are shared unequally= positive & negative charged ends

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2
Q

Non polar molecules

A

Electrons are shared equally between two items= Neutral

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3
Q

Structure and function

A 
Structure= how it is built
Function= how it works
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4
Q

Hydrophilic

A

Polar molecules=”water loving”= attracted to water

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5
Q

Hydrophobic

A

Non polar molecules= “ water fearing” = repelled from water

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6
Q

Phospholipid

A

2-tailed lipids (fats) that help form the cell membrane

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7
Q

Lipid bi layer

A

2 layers of phospholipid= the cell membrane

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8
Q

What 4 molecules move freely across the plasma membrane?

A

Water (H2O)
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Ammonia (NH3)
Oxygen

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9
Q

In biology, we use the____ _____ ____: a model conceived by _______and _______ Nicholson to describe the structural features of biological membranes.

A

Fluid Mosaic Model

Singer and Garth

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10
Q

Ware loving molecules such as glucose are

A

Hydrophilic

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11
Q

The model of a cell membrane containing a bilayer of phospholipids molecules with interspersed protein molecules is the

A

Fluid mosaic model

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12
Q

The cell membrane is differentialy permeable. This means that

A

Some molecules may pass through but not others

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13
Q

The transport of mineral ions from soil to plant roots requires energy-rich ATP. This is an example of:

A

Active transport

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14
Q

Diffusion is the movement of substances from

A

High to low concentration

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15
Q

Th diffusion of water is called

A

Osmosis

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16
Q

When a microscopic protozoan takes in a particle of food into itself, the process used is:

A

Endocytosis

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17
Q

When milk is secreted by mammary glands, the process used is:

A

Exocytosis

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18
Q

White blood cells engulfing foreign bacteria is an example of:

A

Phagocytosis

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19
Q

The difference between the membrane surrounding a cell and an organelle is that the cell membrane is:

A

Thicker

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20
Q

True/False

In saltwater, the solute is the water

A

False

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21
Q

True/False

All concentrations within a cell are the same all the time

A

False

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22
Q

True/False

Diffusion of substances occurs from low to high concentrations

A

False

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23
Q

True/False

Osmosis is a form of active transport

A

False

24
Q

True/False

The solvent in a cell is usually water

A

True

25
Q

The 4 movements of molecules in cells

A

Passive transport
Active transport
Endocytosis
Exocytosis

26
Q

Passive transport

A 
No energy required 
Move due to gradient change(high-low)
With 3 types 
•Diffusion
•Osmosis 
•Facilitated diffusion
27
Q

Diffusion

A

Molecules move to equalize concentration

28
Q

Osmosis

A

Movement of water in and out of the cell

29
Q

Facilitated Diffusion

A

Diffusion with a little helper

“Your friend gets you in”

30
Q

Equilibrium

A

Where concentrations of solutions inside and outside of a cell are balanced (cells will flow freely)

31
Q

Solvent

A

Doing the dissolving

32
Q

Solute

A

Being dissolved

33
Q

Hypotonic

A

Solute concentration is higher inside
Causes cells to pop
Outside solvent will flow into cell

34
Q

Isotonic

A

Where cells are happy
Concentrations are balanced
Solute equals inside and outside of cell

35
Q

Hypertonic

A

Solute concentration is higher outside of the cell
Fluid will flow outside of the cell
Causes cells to shrink (if I am hyper I will see a shrink)

36
Q

Active transport

A

The active transporting of molecules across the lipid bi-layer

Requires energy because it goes against the concentration gradient low to high

37
Q

Endocytosis

A

A form of active transport
Movement of large material in/out of cells: particles organisms large molecules
Phagocytosis: cell eats
Pinocytosis: cell drinks

38
Q

Exocytosis

A

The reverse of endocytosis
Cell is able to, or process to discharge material
Vesicle moves to cell surface, membrane and vesicle fuses
Materials are then expelled

39
Q

*What is the function of the cell membrane

A

Semi-permeable layer that controls what goes in and out of the cell

40
Q

All cells contain a cell membrane.

What is the cell membrane MOSTLY made of?

A

Phospholipid bi-layer

41
Q

Certain materials (like oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water) need to enter and exit sells quickly. Which process is used by cells to move the small molecules across the cell membrane without the use of energy?

A

Passive transport

42
Q

What molecular movement allows us to smell bacon cooking throughout the school

A

Diffusion

43
Q

Why would it be harmful to drink the salt water if you were stranded in a lifeboat on the ocean

A

Body cells would lose water by osmosis

44
Q

What type of solution is the salt water

A

Hypertonic

45
Q

What will molecules do when their concentration on both sides of a membrane are the same

A

They will move across the membrane in both directions equally

46
Q 
Which type of cell is shown 
----------
|.    O.     |.     
|.   }> |
|\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ |.        What is going to be the net movement of water?
A

Prokaryote/ prokaryotic, there is no nucleus

Water will move into the cell because the solute inside is higher in concentration

47
Q

In your body cells use a protein pump to pump and a ions and K ions against a concentration gradient so that your muscles can contract. What type transport does this represent?

A

Active transport

48
Q

Protein Ion pumps, endocytosis, and exocytosis All move molecules from low concentration to high concentrations. because of this they are all consider forms of

A

Active transport

49
Q

Which statement best describes the movement of the molecules once equilibrium is reached

A

Molecules will continue to move equally both ways

50
Q

O A Which part is polar and non polar
| \ B
What is the name of this molecule?
Which part of this molecule is found on the outer part of the cell membrane?

A

“A” The hydrophilic head
A is Polar
B is Non-Polar

51
Q

The solvent of most solutions in cellular activities is

A

Water

52
Q

A mixture in which the molecules of one substance are evenly distributed of dissolved in the molecules of another is said to be

A

A colloid

53
Q

When a cell is placed in a hypotonic solution, water molecules will tend to

A

Move across the membrane into the cell

54
Q

Because the cell membrane allows some molecules to pass through it, but not others, it is said to be

A

Selectively permeable

55
Q

Cel membrane

A

A semi-permeable barrier that surrounds all cells, controls what goes in and out

56
Q

At uncle tommy seafood place, salty scallops are stored in fresh water.the manager was not told not to do this and just store it in ice. Why should he listen to the critic?

A

He should listen to the critic because if you put a SALTY sea scallop in water it will absorb it because it is salty

Biochem (6 decks)

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