DNA Vocab Flashcards
RNA
Ribose nucleus acid; copies the code from DNA and helps make protein
mRNA
Messenger RNA; is the copy made from the DNA that is read by the ribosome
tRNA
Transfer RNA; the RNA that carries amino acids to the ribosome
rRNA
Reading RNA; the RNA in ribosomes that reads the mRNA
Amino acids
The building blocks of proteins
Transcription
The first step in protein synthesis; the mRNA copying the DNA
DNA
Deoxyribose nuclei acid; molecule that holds the genetic code for making proteins
Translation
The second step of protein synthesis; the ribosome reading the mRNA and making the protein
Triplet
A group of three nucleotides in DNA
Condon
A group of three nucleotides in mRNA
Anticodon
A group of three nucleotides in tRNA
Nucleotide
The building block (monomer) for nucleic acids; made of a phosphate, a sugar, and a nitrogen base
Adenosine
One of the nitrogen bases in DNA and RNA; pairs with thymine in DNA and Uracil in RNA
Thymine
One of the nitrogen bases in DNA; pairs with Adenosine
Guanine
One of the nitrogen bases in DNA and RNA; pairs with Cytosine
Cytosine
One of the nitrogen bases in DNA and RNA; pairs with Guanine
Deoxyribose
The sugar in DNA
Ribose
The sugar in RNA
DNA Replication
The process of making one copy of each chromosome before nuclear division
Helicase
The enzyme that unwinds DNA for replication
DNA Polymerase
The enzyme that replicates the DNA
Semiconservative replication
The type of replication in which one side of the old DNA strand is in the new strand
Helix
Twisted
Double
Two stranded
Peptide bond
The bond between amino acids to make a protein
Ribosomes
The structure in the cell that assembles protein
Protein
A Chain of amino acids that performs a job in the cell
Uracil
A nitrogen base found in RNA only; pairs with Adenosine
Hydrogen bond
Bond between the nitrogen bases in DNA that holds the two strands together
