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Biochem > Unit 2: Cells > Flashcards

Unit 2: Cells Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 6 Characteristics of living organism

A
  1. Respond to their environment
  2. Grow, develop, and evolve (change over time)
  3. Contain genetic material (DNA,RNA)
  4. Obtain and use energy
  5. Have the ability to reproduce
  6. Are made of cells
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2
Q

Organism

A

Anything that has all the characteristics of life

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3
Q

Atoms

A

The basic unit of chemical element, a building block of everything

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4
Q

Molecules

A

2 or more atoms chemically combined

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5
Q

Cells

A

The smallest form of life

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6
Q

Tissues

A

A group of specialized cells

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7
Q

Organs

A

A group of tissues with a specific vital function

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8
Q

Organ-system

A

A group of organs that work together to perform a certain task

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9
Q

Life process

A

Process which keeps an organism alive

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10
Q

Which characteristic of life is it?

A dog eats food out a bowl
A

Obtain energy

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11
Q

Which characteristic of life is it?

A caterpillar becomes a butterfly

A

Grow and develop

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12
Q

Which characteristic of life is it?

A polar bear has whiter fur and lots of body fat

A

Responds to environment

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13
Q

Which characteristic of life is it?

A sunflower turns to face the sun

A

Respond to the environment

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14
Q

Which characteristic of life is it?

In puberty boys get more body hair and muscle

A

Evolve and contain generic material

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15
Q

Which characteristic of life is it?

A drop of blood has 1000’s of tiny red circles

A

Made of cells

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16
Q

Which characteristic of life is it?

An 8 pound baby becomes a 140-lb adult

A

Grow and develop

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17
Q

Which characteristic of life is it?

Bacteria split in half to make more bacteria

A

Reproduce

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18
Q

Which characteristic of life is it?

Fish have gills for breathing and find for swimming

A

Evolve

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19
Q

Which characteristic of life is it?

A tree gets 10 inches taller each year

A

Drove and develop, responds to the environment

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20
Q

Which characteristic of life is it?

Oak tree makes acorns

A

Reproduce

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21
Q

Which characteristic of life is it?

Leaves are made of tiny square-shaped units

A

Made of cells

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22
Q

Which characteristic of life is it?

A pumpkins contains thousands of seeds

A

Reproduce

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23
Q

Which characteristic of life is it?

A tadpole changes into a frog

A

Grow and develop, evolve

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24
Q

Which characteristic of life is it?

All plants use the sun to do photosynthesis

A

Responds to the environment, evolve, grow and develop

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25
Q

Which characteristic of life is it?

Leaves shrivel and turn brown during drought

A

Responds to the environment

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26
Q

Which characteristic of life is it?

A turtles hard shell protects its soft bodies

A

Grow and develop, evolve, genetic material

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27
Q

What is a cell?

A

A cell is the smallest unit that is capable of performing life functions
Most are microscopic

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28
Q

What are the parts of the cell theory?

A
  1. All living things are made of cells
  2. Smallest living unit of structure and function of all organism is the cell
  3. All cells arise from preexisting cells
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29
Q

Characteristics of all Cells ?

A

A surrounding membrane
Cytoplasm- cells contents in thick fluid
Organelles- structures for cell function.
Control center with DNA

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30
Q

Hooke did what?

A

Was the first to see “cells”

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31
Q

What did Leeuwenhoek do?

A

Was the first to see tiny organism in pond water

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32
Q

What did schleiden conclude?

A

Concluded that all plants are made of cells

33
Q

What did Schwann conclude?

A

Concludes that animals are made of cells

34
Q

What did Virchow conclude?

A

Concluded that cells come from pre-existing cells

35
Q

What did Margulis purpose?

A

That some organelles were once free living cells themselves

36
Q

Prokaryotes

And an example r

A

Cells that do not have a nucleus or membrane bound organelle

Bacteria

37
Q

Biology

A

The study of Life and living organisms, including their structure, function, growth, evolution, distribution, and taxonomy

38
Q

Cell membrane and phospholipid bi-layer

A

Controls movement in and out

39
Q

Cytoplasm

A

Fluid which contains organelles (the filling )

Hold organelles in place

40
Q

Endoplasmic reticulum

A

Moves substances within cells (transport)

Transports materials

41
Q

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

A

Manufactures proteins within the cells

42
Q

Ribosome

A

Transcribed rna into amino acids

43
Q

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

A

Transports carbohydrates and lipids with the cell

44
Q

Vacuole

A

Storage digestion & waste removal in plants

45
Q

Chloroplasts

A

Found in plants cells & where photosynthesis occurs

46
Q

Mitochondria

A

Energy maker for eukaryotes (animals and plants )

47
Q

Plasmid

A

Small DNA molecule (typically a ring)

48
Q

Nucleus

A

Contains the genetic material of a cell–DNA

49
Q

Cilia & Flagella

A

Provide motility (movement) of cells

50
Q

Obtain and use energy

A

Eating and photosynthesis

51
Q

Responds to the environment

A

Coats/ hibernating and losing leaves

52
Q

Genetic material

53
Q

Able to reproduce

A

Spitting, sexual, seeds

54
Q

Grow/ develop/ evolve

A

Baby-> adult

55
Q

Made of cells

A

Know the 3 main parts of the cell Theory

56
Q

The similaritys between prokaryotes and eukaryotes

A

Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
Organelles
Genetic material

57
Q

What is a stem cell and where do they come from

A

Stem cells that are able to differentiate. They come from the blastocyst at first, then each tissue has their own

58
Q

What does differentiate mean?

A

Able to change, or adapt

59
Q

When do stem cells begin to differentiate

A

During digestion when a baby develops

60
Q

What would happen to an organism if it’s cells dos not differentiate

A

It would just be the same type cell, and would not be able to perform different functions

61
Q

Can the process you described in your flow chart run backwards to produce stem cells from specialized cells, such that the cells that make up your bones? Why or why not

A

Absolutely not, the sad thing is once a stem cell differentiates, it cannot be reversed

62
Q

What did Robert Hooke do

A

First to see cells

63
Q

Is it a plant, animal, or both

  1. Cell wall
  2. Centrioles
  3. Chloroplast
  4. Mitochondria
A
  1. Plant
  2. both
  3. plants
  4. Both
64
Q

The basic units of life in all living things are

65
Q

The cell membrane

A

Controls movement in an out of the cell

66
Q

Vacuoles

A

Storage- only found in plant cells

67
Q

Mitochondria

A

Energy maker for eukaryotes

68
Q

Ribosomes

A

Transcribes RNA I to amino acids and makes protei.

69
Q

Lysosomes

A

Transports undigested material the the cell membrane for removal

70
Q

How are prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells similar

A

Cell membrane, cytoplasm, organelles and DNA

71
Q

In what way are plant cells and animal cells similar

A

They are even eukaryotes, they have a nucleus

72
Q

Name 3 feature that make a plant cell different from an animal cell

A

Cell wall
Chloroplast
Vacuoles for food storage

73
Q

Which feature of the cell allows us to place it into one of two broad to sell categories

A

The nucleus

74
Q

What is the main function of the cell wall

A

Protects and supports this plant cell

75
Q

What is the term to cells having different structures and functions in an organism

A

Cell specialization

76
Q

Muscle cells are very active cells that require high amount of energy to function. Which organelle would be in high numbers with in a muscle cell

A

Mitochondria

77
Q

Bonus

Not all plant cells contain chloroplasts. Which part of a plant would have cells with highest # of chloroplast?

A

The leaves- they are the patsy exposed to the sun

78
Q

Nucleolus

A

Located within the nucleus, it is responsible for producing ribosomes

Biochem (6 decks)

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