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N/A > Unit 3: Medical Entomology > Flashcards

Unit 3: Medical Entomology Flashcards

1
Q

Prevent and control vector-borne diseases by eliminating disease vectors, reservoirs, blocking transmission of pathogens to susceptible hosts, and protecting susceptible hosts

A

goals of the medical entomology program

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2
Q

What instruction outlines the pest management program for the base civil engineer?

A

AFI 32–1053

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3
Q

What instruction outlines the Air Force’s Medical Entomology Program?

A

AFI 48–102

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4
Q

Who establishes the surveillance frequencies for disease vectors?

A

Aerospace Medicine Council

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5
Q

What are primary PH tasks during an aerial spray mission?

A

Educating the public and pre- and post-treatment vector surveillance

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6
Q

Provide technical information concerning the safe storage and use of pesticides and review integrated pest management plan before submission to MAJCOM/CE. Monitors acquisition, storage, and environmental impact of pesticides for CE pest management shop, commissary and Base Exchange

A

BE responsibilities in the medical entomology program

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7
Q

The science of classification

A

taxonomy

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8
Q

What is the next lower subdivision of a phylum?

A

Class

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9
Q

What subdivision comes after order?

A

Family

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10
Q

What subdivision is before genus?

A

Family

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11
Q

In most cases, what is the last major division in the classification system?

A

Species

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12
Q

What is the stiff outer skeleton in arthropods called?

A

Exoskeleton

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13
Q

What are the three regions of an insect’s body?

A

The head, thorax, and abdomen

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14
Q

What are the four stages of complete metamorphosis?

A

Egg, larva, pupa, and adult

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15
Q

A brief description of anatomical features used to identify insects

A

written insect key

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16
Q

Which organisms does the Air Force consider “pests?”

A

Organisms that are in the wrong place at the wrong time

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17
Q

A combination of control techniques to prevent or suppress pests

A

integrated pest management

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18
Q

What form of pest control relies on changing the environment?

A

Cultural

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19
Q

Using methods to kill or separate arthropods from their food source

A

“mechanical” pest control

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20
Q

Who may use “restricted use” pesticides?

A

A certified applicator, or someone under the supervision of a certified applicator

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21
Q

Which type of pesticides has a low toxicity for mammals and is widely replacing all other types of pesticides?

A

Pyrethroids

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22
Q

Where do mosquito larvae develop?

A

In water

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23
Q

What percentage of adult mosquitoes are typically male?

A

50%

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24
Q

What sex of mosquito has bushy antennae?

A

Male

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25
Q

What mosquito genera are the two primary vectors of encephalitis in CONUS?

A

Culex and Aedes

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26
Q

What is the most common mosquito-borne disease in CONUS?

A

West Nile encephalitis

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27
Q

Which encephalitis group includes Snowshoe Hare, LaCrosse, and Jamestown Canyon viruses?

A

California

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28
Q

What are thought to be the most common reservoirs of WNV, SLE, EEE, and WEE?

A

Wild birds

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29
Q

What is another name for dengue fever?

A

Break bone fever

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30
Q

What genus of mosquito transmits dengue fever?

A

Aedes

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31
Q

What are the three control measures for dengue fever?

A

Education, vector avoidance, and environmental clean up

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32
Q

What are the symptoms of yellow fever?

A

Fever, headache, backache, jaundice, and internal bleeding

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33
Q

P. falciparum, P. vivax, P. malariae, P. ovale, and P. Knowelsi

A

five species of malaria

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34
Q

What are the three stages of malaria?

A

Cold, hot, and profuse sweating

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35
Q

What is the incubation period for falciparum malaria?

A

10 to 18 days

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36
Q

What form of malaria can cause rapid death if left untreated?

A

Falciparum malaria

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37
Q

What forms of malaria have relapses?

A

Vivax, malariae, and ovale

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38
Q

What chemoprophylaxis for malaria is typically prescribed for flight crew?

A

Malarone® and Doxycycline

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39
Q

What should you complete prior to establishing or revitalizing your surveillance program?

A

Conduct a baseline entomology survey

40
Q

What are the important things to remember when locating the adult mosquito traps on base?

A

Locate them between populated areas and breeding sources, away from competing light sources, protected from wind, and approximately 6 feet above ground

41
Q

What device is used to collect live specimens in adult mosquito traps?

A

A net

42
Q

What does the SSAM trap use to attract mosquitoes?

A

Light, CO2, or light and CO2

43
Q

What are the advantages of a CO2-baited trap over a light-baited SSAM trap?

A

CO2 traps attract more species of mosquitoes, larger numbers of mosquitoes and more female mosquitoes

44
Q

Why would you operate a CO2-baited trap during daylight hours?

A

To catch the species of mosquitoes that are active in the late morning and early evening

45
Q

Generally, when should you sample larval mosquito collection sites?

A

Weekly

46
Q

What two mosquito species are collected primarily with an ovitrap?

A

Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus

47
Q

What is a TI?

A

The average number of females caught per trap night

48
Q

What is an STI?

A

The average population of a specific species or particular group of mosquitoes caught in a trap per trap night

49
Q

What are the four types of mosquito control?

A

Cultural, mechanical, chemical, and biological

50
Q

What is one of the best mosquito cultural control methods?

A

Filling in low-lying wet areas with gravel and dirt to eliminate breeding sites

51
Q

What are the two methods of chemical control used on adult mosquitoes?

A

Residual treatment and fogging

52
Q

What predator is most widely used for feeding on mosquito larvae?

A

Gambusia affinis

53
Q

In many cases, what is your best defense against vectorborne disease?

A

Personal protection

54
Q

What are the common names for the three distinct varieties of lice that infect humans?

A

Head, body, and crab or pubic lice

55
Q

What is the most medically important louse?

A

Body louse

56
Q

What is the most effective method of prevention for all lice?

A

Education

57
Q

What are the two major categories of flies?

A

Biting flies and filth flies

58
Q

To which of the two major groups of flies does a sand fly belong?

A

Biting

59
Q

On or by their mouthparts, through vomitus, on their body hairs, on the sticky pads of their feet, and through their feces

A

five ways flies spread diseases

60
Q

What is the most effective fly control measure?

A

Proper sanitation to eliminate breeding places

61
Q

In what insect order are fleas classified?

A

Siphonaptera

62
Q

What diseases are fleas responsible for transmitting?

A

Plague and endemic typhus

63
Q

What are the two major groups of ticks?

A

Hard and soft

64
Q

What are the four major groups of diseases that are spread by ticks?

A

Rickettsial bacteria, spirochete bacteria, other bacteria and viruses

65
Q

Use small forceps or tweezers to grasp as far forward on the mouthparts as possible, and then carefully pull it off with an upward even pressure

A

most effective method for removing a tick

66
Q

What stage are chiggers in when they feed on humans and animals?

A

Larval

67
Q

What are the two major groups of diseases transmitted by mites?

A

Scrub typhus and rickettsial pox

68
Q

What species of mite transmits scrub typhus?

A

Chigger

69
Q

Which mites burrow and live in human skin?

A

Scabies

70
Q

What color are German cockroaches?

A

Pale yellowish brown or tan

71
Q

Where are American cockroaches most often found?

A

In commercial establishments

72
Q

Why are Oriental cockroach populations at a somewhat lower level?

A

They reproduce at a slower rate than the other species

73
Q

How many venomous snakes are there in the United States?

A

More than 20

74
Q

Hemolytic toxin, neurotoxin, urticating toxin, vesicating toxin, and hemorrhagic toxin

A

five basic types of venom that arthropods and snakes produce

75
Q

What three things do venomous arthropods do to cause pain and swelling?

A

Bite, sting, or produce fluids

76
Q

What type of venom produces blisters on the skin?

A

Vesicating toxin

77
Q

What is the one control method that is effective against all venomous arthropods?

A

Avoidance

78
Q

What is the most common species of mouse?

A

House mouse

79
Q

What do the droppings (feces) of a house mouse look like?

A

Small and rod shaped

80
Q

Black to slate gray; tawny above with a grayish white belly; and tawny above with a white to lemon-colored belly

A

three color patterns found in roof rats

81
Q

Plague leptospirosis, hantaviruses, scrub typhus, tularemia, salmonellosis, rat-bite fever, and rat meningeal worms

A

rodent-borne diseases that can be related to rodent infestations

82
Q

What are the three types of plague that affect humans?

A

Bubonic, septicemic, and pneumonic

83
Q

Which of the three types of plague affects the lymph nodes?

A

Bubonic

84
Q

When did the Air Force establish the Plague Surveillance Prevention Program?

A

1977

85
Q

What are the symptoms with most cases of leptospirosis?

A

Either there are no symptoms, or symptoms are mild and flu-like

86
Q

What is the case fatality proportion for hantavirus infections?

A

40 to 70 percent

87
Q

Where in CONUS have cases of hantavirus occurred?

A

20 western states and sporadically in eastern regions

88
Q

Besides sighting a rodent, what is one of the best indicators of a rodent infestation?

A

The presence of rat or mouse feces

89
Q

What color are rodent feces, typically?

A

The color varies according to the kind of food eaten, but it is usually black

90
Q

How wide are rat and mouse pathways?

A

2 to 3 inches

91
Q

Where are most rodent rub marks found?

A

Along walls, under boards, behind stored objects and accumulated litter, and in similar places

92
Q

How can you determine if a rodent run is new or old?

A

Fresh rub marks and smears are soft when you scratch them; old ones are brittle and may flake off

93
Q

To identify tracks, how deep do you spread powder (or flour) on a rodent run?

A

1/8-inch or less

94
Q

What type of trap is recommended for trapping rodents around children and in food service facilities?

A

Glue board

95
Q

Place them into a 5-ml blood-collection vial containing 70-percent alcohol; push rubber stopper into neck of the vile; and remove the air bubble by topping off the alcohol

A

packing ectoparasites for shipment

N/A (13 decks)

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