Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

N/A > Unit 3 Anatomy and Physiology > Flashcards

Unit 3 Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

Which is not part of the skeleton system?
a. Bone marrow.
b. Ligaments.
c. Tendons.
d. Blood.

A

Blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The bone is broken, but does not protrude through the skin. This is also known as a closed fracture

A

simple fracture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The broken bone does protrude through the skin. This is also known as an open fracture

A

compound fracture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

This fracture exists when many small pieces and bone chips have been created

A

comminuted fracture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

This type of fracture results from tremendous forces that cause the bone to telescope
within itself

A

compression fracture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the point on which applied muscle action results in motion?

A

Insertion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Which part of the muscle is the fixed or stationary attachment of the muscle to the skeleton?

A

origin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which part of the muscle is the large, fleshy prominence that forms the bulk of the muscle?

A

belly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

This microscopic method of
contraction involving the proteins actin and myosin is called

A

the sliding filament mechanism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

This can store oxygen until it is
needed by the muscle cell

A

myoglobin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Wasting away of muscle is called

A

atrophy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The process of increasing both the size and number of
muscle fibers is called

A

hypertrophy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

In addition to transporting different gases, hormones, nutrients, and waste products around the body, this system helps regulate body temperature

A

Circulatory system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The top layer and the least dense component of blood is called

A

plasma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

This thin layer of blood is a whitish layer that contains the leukocytes and platelets

A

buffy coat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The bottom layer and densest component of blood is called

A

erythrocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Platelets, erythrocytes, and leukocytes make up the

A

formed elements of blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

The blood group containing B antigens and anti-A antibodies is group

A

B

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The blood group containing A antigens and anti-B
antibodies is group

A

A

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

The blood group containing both A and B antigens
but no antibodies is group

A

AB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

The blood group containing no antigens, but both anti-A and anti-B antibodies is group

A

O

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Which blood vessel carries blood away from the heart?

A

arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Which blood vessel carries blood towards the heart?

A

ventricles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

If there is an insufficient volume of blood to meet the body’s needs, the condition is known as

A

circulatory shock

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

The common passageway for both the respiratory and digestive systems is the

A

pharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

The main function of the larynx is

A

phonation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

The destruction of lung tissue making less tissue available for gas exchange

A

Emphysema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

An allergic response causing a narrowing of the small
airways making it difficult to move air in and out

A

asthma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

As WBCs and fluids
accumulate in the lungs, gas exchange is impaired

A

Pneumonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Protein digestion begins

A

with the release of the enzyme pepsin into the stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

In which area of the digestive tract does the greatest nutrient absorption take place?

A

Small intestine.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

An example of a vestigial organ is the

A

appendix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Which organ secretes digestive enzymes into the small intestine?

A

Pancreas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

As PH technicians we are primarily concerned with this gland because they are the target of the mumps virus
and become quite swollen when inflamed

A

Parotid salivary glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What organ produces bile, which aids in the digestion and absorption of fats, and excretes bilirubin, which is a
breakdown product formed from the hemoglobin in RBC

A

liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

This organ stores concentrated bile and releases it when it is needed to digest a high fat meal

A

gallbladder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

How much filtrate does it take to produce approximately 1 milliliter (ml) of urine under
normal kidney function?

A

125 ml

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

The meatus is part of which structure in the male?

A

Urethra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Which male structure is an external pendulous sac containing the testes and epididymis

A

scrotum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Which male structure is where sperm enters for final maturation and storage

A

Epididymis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

A gland that secretes nutrients for sperm

A

Seminal vesicles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

This male structure secretes a fluid to increase the motility of the sperm and protects sperm from the acid environment of the female tract

A

prostate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

A fibrous tube between the vagina and uterus

A

cervix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

This female structure nourishes the implanted
embryo during pregnancy

A

uterus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Hollow tubes which stem from each side of the uterus

A

Fallopian tubes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Two oval-shaped structures located in the abdominal cavity on each side of the uterus.
These organs produce the female sex cells called ova and the female hormones,
estrogen and progesterone

A

ovaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

What are the fringe-like structures that draw ovum into the fallopian tubes?

A

Fimbriae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Which process is not continuous?
a. Spermatogenesis.
b. Menstruation.
c. Oogenesis.
d. Ovulation.

A

c. Oogenesis

49
Q

Which process is continuous?
a. Spermatogenesis.
b. Menstruation.
c. Oogenesis.
d. Ovulation.

A

a. Spermatogenesis

50
Q

Fertilization occurs in the

A

fallopian tube

51
Q

At how many weeks in the development of a fetus the fetal heart is pumping blood, the spinal cord and digestive system are forming, and arm and leg buds are present

A

4

52
Q

At how many weeks in the development of a fetus are fingers and toes forming?

A

8

53
Q

Substances that cause physical defects in the developing embryo are called

A

teratogens

54
Q

Which substances reduce the numbers of sperm or ova in the body?

A

Gametotoxins

55
Q

Which substance is capable of causing cancer?

A

Carcinogens

56
Q

Which substance disrupt the cell’s DNA resulting in a genetic defect?

A

Mutagens

57
Q

This term refers to the physical
changes that can be measured and occur in a steady and orderly manner

A

growth

58
Q

This term relates to changes in psychological and social functioning

A

development

59
Q

Rapid physical, psychological, and social development characterize this period

A

Infant growth and development (birth to 1 year)

60
Q

A toddler is expected to weigh four times the birth weight at age

A

24 months

61
Q

In this stage, the child shows increased independence and
intellectual development

A

Preschool growth and development—3 to 6 years

62
Q

School is the greatest event that takes place during this
stage

A

Middle childhood growth and development—6 to 8 years

63
Q

This stage is also known as preadolescence

A

Late childhood growth and development—9 to 12 years

64
Q

This stage is usually the period of separation from parents and the establishment of lifetime goals

A

Adolescent growth and development–12 to 20 years

65
Q

This stage is usually a time when people look back at the goals that have been accomplished so far

A

Middle adult growth and development—40 to 65 years

66
Q

An increase in life expectancy has led to the creation of

A

gerontology—the scientific study of the problems of aging

67
Q

Chemical substances secreted into body fluids, usually the bloodstream, and they exert
physiologic control on other cells of the body are called

A

hormones

68
Q

Secretion of hormones is controlled by a process known as

A

negative feedback

69
Q

Is called the master gland because it controls the secretions of so many other endocrine glands

A

Pituitary gland

70
Q

What is the condition where too much thyroxine is produced?

A

Hyperthyroidism

71
Q

What is the condition where too little thyroxine is produced?

A

hypothyroidism

72
Q

What is the condition characterized by swelling
of the thyroid gland?

A

goiter

73
Q

This produces epinephrine and norepinephrine, the body’s “fight or flight” response

A

Adrenal glands

74
Q

Which hormone controls the production of testosterone in the male?

A

luteinizing hormone (LH)

75
Q

Which hormone regulates sperm production in the male?

A

follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

76
Q

The pancreas secretes two hormones, insulin and

A

glucagon

77
Q

Which neuron process carries impulses away from the cell body?

A

axons

78
Q

Which neuron process carries impulses towards the cell body?

A

dendrites

79
Q

Which neurons are responsible from transmitting the impulses they receive from the spinal cord and brain and transmitting to all of the body?

A

sensory neurons

80
Q

Which neurons are responsible for transmitting away from the brain and spinal cord to muscle and glandular tissue?

A

motor neurons

81
Q

Which neuron has the important job of
transmitting impulses from sensory neurons to motor neurons?

A

interneurons

82
Q

Which contains insulating myelin coatings and is found in the spinal cord?

A

White matter

83
Q

Which contains cell bodies and is found in the cerebrum?

A

Gray matter

84
Q

What protects the brain beneath the skull and the spinal cord beneath the vertebral column?

A

Meninges

85
Q

What provides a protective layer within and around the brain and spinal cord?

A

cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

86
Q

What chemical substance crosses the synapse and enables the impulse to move from one neuron to the next?

A

Acetylcholine

87
Q

The skin is the largest organ of the body and has four primary functions; sensation, protection, secretion, and

A

temperature regulation

88
Q

Up to how many liters of fluid per hour can be lost through sweat under very hot conditions?

A

4

89
Q

Reddening of the skin is called

A

erythema

90
Q

Inflammation of the skin is called

A

Dermatitis

91
Q

Swelling is called

A

Induration

92
Q

A blister filled with pus is called

A

Pustule

93
Q

A blister or elevation filled with fluid, not pus, is a

A

vesicle

94
Q

An erosion of the skin surface is called

A

Ulcer

95
Q

Reddened, solid elevation of the skin is called

A

Papule

96
Q

A reddened, flat spot on the skin is called

A

Macule

97
Q

The white protective layer on the outside of the eyeball is the

A

sclera

98
Q

The clear protective layer on the front of the eyeball is called the

A

cornea

99
Q

This part of the eye contains the receptor cells known as the rods and cones

A

retina

100
Q

Which is an example of an anatomical defense mechanism?

A

Phagocytes

101
Q

Which immunity produces antibodies following an actual infection?

A

Naturally acquired active immunity

102
Q

Which immunity produces antibodies in response to vaccination

A

Artificially acquired active immunity

103
Q

Which immunity acquire antibodies via natural transfer (i.e. antibodies may pass from the immune mothers
to the fetuses across the placental barrier)?

A

Naturally acquired passive immunity

104
Q

Which immunity consist of antibodies that were produced in one person and injected into another?

A

Artificially acquired passive immunity

105
Q

This type of immunity is when antibodies produced by another person are passed on to the recipient

A

Passive immunity

106
Q

This type of immunity is when the body actively produces antibodies in response to an exposure of an agent

A

Active immunity

107
Q

The diagnosis of disease by detection of antibodies in the blood (serum) is called

A

serology

108
Q

Any foreign substance that stimulates the body to produce an immune response is called an

A

antigen

109
Q

Antibodies are frequently called

A

immunoglobulins

110
Q

Which antibody is usually the first to respond to an infection?

A

IgM.

111
Q

Which antibody is the only antibody small enough to cross the placenta in the
immune mother; involved in
secondary response to infection and immunization; neutralize toxins and viruses in the bloodstream and in tissues?

A

IgG

112
Q

Which antibody occupies a unique position among the immunoglobulin in that it is found in body secretions?

A

IgA

113
Q

Which antibody is responsible for allergic responses and believed to be important in the activation of B cells

A

IgE

114
Q

What is the cell that protects the body from infection once a foreign agent has entered

A

lymphocyte

115
Q

What produces chemicals that recruit other cells such as phagocytes in the immune
response?

A

T-Lymphocytes

116
Q

What is the basis for humoral immunity, that is, immunity involving antibodies?

A

B-lymphocyte

117
Q

Lymph vessels empty into which structure?

A

Lymphatic ducts

118
Q

This structure act as a filter, removing foreign substances from the lymph as it passes through

A

lymph nodes

N/A (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions