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Chemistry > Unit 3: Matter and States of Matter > Flashcards

Unit 3: Matter and States of Matter Flashcards

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1
Q

Matter

A

the MATERIAL that makes up a substance

(makes up things we use everyday ex. water and wood)

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2
Q

Pure Substances

A

matter with a SPECIFIC composition

composed of only one type of atom or molecule

ex) element or compound

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3
Q

Element

A

a pure substance that contains only ONE atom

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4
Q

Compounds

A

contains two or more elements in a definite ratio

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5
Q

Note about elements in a compound

A

properties of compound don’t always match the properties of the element

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6
Q

Mixtures

A

two or more substances physically combined, different proportions, can be separated by physical methods

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7
Q

Physical Separation of A Mixture

A

Involves only A PHYSICAL CHANGER

ex.) Occurs when is pasta and water are separated with a strainer.

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8
Q

Homogenous mixtures

A

composition is uniform throughout and different parts of the mixture are not visible

ex) brass (copper and zinc)

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9
Q

Heterogenous mixtures

A

composition is NOT uniform and the different parts of the mixture are visible

ex) water and copper

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10
Q

Methods of separating mixtures (7)

A

Evaporation, filtration, paper chromatography, distillation, separating funnel, using a magnet, decanting

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11
Q

Evaporation

A

process by which water changes from a liquid to a gas state

Used to separate a solid from a liquid in which it can dissolve.

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12
Q

Filtration

A

used to to separate an insoluble solid from a liquid

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13
Q

Chromatography

A

used to separate a mixture of colors

often used in the food industry

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14
Q

Fractional Distillation

A

Used to separate mixtures of liquids with different boiling points.

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15
Q

Separating Funnel

A

used for separating mixtures of liquids that do NOT dissolve very well in each other (immiscible liquids) and have unequal densities

ex) oil and water

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16
Q

Using a Magnet

A

used for separating mixtures of solids when one of the solids has magnetic properties

17
Q

Decanting

A

used for separating a solid from a liquid

pouring liquid (supernate) from the mixture without disturbing the solid residue

18
Q

Physical Change

A

identity and composition of the substance do not change

and

The state can change or the material can be torn into smaller pieces

19
Q

Chemical Change

A

Reacting substances form new substances with different compositions and properties

a chemical reaction takes place

20
Q

Examples of chemical changes

A

rusting nail, bleaching a stain, burning a log, tarnishing silver, fermenting grapes, souring of milk

21
Q

Examples of physical changes

A

melting ice, boiling water, sawing a log in half, tearing paper, breaking a glass, pouring milk

22
Q

Four things that happen in a chemical reaction

A

In a chemical reaction…

chemical change produces one or more new substances

change in the composition of one or more substances

old bonds are broken, new bonds are formed

atoms in the reactants are rearranged to form one or more different substances

23
Q

SIGNS OF A CHEMICAL REACTION (5)

A
  1. Color Change
  2. Bubbles Forming
  3. Precipitate Forming
  4. Smell (sometimes)
  5. Temperature Change
24
Q

Precipitate

A

insoluble that settles at the bottom of test tube (usually a different color)

25
Q

Characteristics of a solid

A
  1. definite shape
  2. definite volume
  3. particles that are close together in a fixed arrangement
  4. particles that move very slowly
26
Q

Characteristics of a liquid

A
  1. indefinite shape BUT definite volume
  2. same shape as container
  3. particles that are close together, but not mobile
  4. particles that move slowly (not very)
27
Q

Characteristics of a gas

A
  1. indefinite shape
  2. indefinite volume
  3. same shape and volume as their container
  4. particles are far apart
  5. particles move very fast
28
Q

What bonds are between water molecules?

A

hydrogen bonds

29
Q

Condensation

A

heat released

gas –> liquid

30
Q

Freezing

A

heat released

liquid —> solid

31
Q

Deposition

A

heat released

gas —> solid

32
Q

Vaporization

A

heat absorbed

liquid —> gas

33
Q

Melting

A

heat absorbed

solid —> liquid

34
Q

sublimation

A

heat absorbed

solid —> gas

35
Q

Heating Curve

A

shows phase changes as a solid is heated

uses sloped lines to show an increase in temperature

uses plateaus to indicate a change of state (during plateaus temperature does not increase)

Chemistry (6 decks)

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