Unit 12: Solutions Flashcards
Traits of a solution (5)
Contain small particles (ions or molecules)
Are transparent
Do not separate
Cannot be filtered
Do not scatter light
Solutions
HOMOGENOUS mixtures of two or more substances.
Solutions consist of….
a solvent (typically liquid) and solute (typically solid)
Traits of solutes
Can spread evenly throughout the solution
Can be separated by evaporation.
Cannot be separated by filtration.
Are not visible
Can give a color to the solution
Solutes can be in what types of states of matter?
solid, liquid, and gas
Water is the most…
common solvent
//
also known as the universal solvent and works 90% of the time
Water is what type of molecule?
polar
Water forms what type of bonds between what atoms?
Forms hydrogen bonds between the hydrogen atom in one molecule and the oxygen atom in a different water molecule
Formation of a Solution
atoms of a solute are HYDRATED in solution with many H2O molecules surrounding each ion
ex) NaCl ions are attracted to the polar water molecules
What does aq stand for?
aqueous (coated by water molecules)
Two substances form a solution WHEN….
there is an ATTRACTION between the particles of the SOLVENT and SOLUTE.
//
a polar solvent such as water dissolves polar solutes such as sugar and ionic solutes such as NaCl
//
nonpolar solvent such as hexane (C6H14) dissolves nonpolar solutes such as oil or grease.
Define Molarity
- A concentration term for solutions
- moles of solute/liter of solution
In a dilution…
- water is added
- volume increases
- concentration decreases
Molarity Equation
M1V1=M2V2
Solubility
the maximum amount of solute that dissolves in a specific amount of solvent
What is solubility expressed as?
g of solute/100 g of solvent
(typically water)
Unsaturated Solutions
contains LESS than the maximum amount of solute
//
can dissolve more solute
Saturated Solutions
Contain the MAXIMUM amount of solute that can dissolve
//
undissolved solute at the bottom of the container
Solubility depends on….
temperature
When temperature increases, most solids…
increase
When temperature increases, gases…
decrease
Do smaller solute particles dissolve faster or slower than larger ones?
faster
Why do smaller solute particles dissolve faster?
more surface area
Solvent
the liquid in which a solute is dissolved in
Solute
the component in a solution; dissolved in a solvent
Equation for Solution Formation
CaCl2 -> Ca+2 (aq) 2Cl - (aq)
BASICALLY
- separate the ions
- include the charges
- state aq
- add the correct number of ions
