Unit 3 List 3 DNA & Heredity Flashcards
The process by which a single parent cell splits to form new cells, known as daughter cells.
cellular division
the female reproductive cell, or gamete, in most multicellular organisms
egg cell
changes, especially heritable changes, in the characteristics of a cell or organism that result from altered gene expression or other effects not involving changes to the DNA sequence itself.
epigenetic
The process of combining the male gamete, or sperm, with the female gamete, or ovum.
fertilization
the haploid set of chromosomes in a gamete or microorganism, or in each cell of a multicellular organism.
genome
a particular genetically determined characteristic or quality that distinguishes somebody.
Inherited traits
an organism composed of many cells.
Multicellular organism
the production of new living organisms by combining genetic information from two individuals of different types (sexes). In most higher organisms, one sex (male) produces a small motile gamete which travels to fuse with a larger stationary gamete produced by the other (female).
sexual reproduction
the male reproductive cell, or gamete, in anisogamous forms of sexual reproduction
sperm cell
the gene in question is located on one of the numbered, or non-sex, chromosomes.
autosomal
a form of dominance wherein the dominant allele completely masks the effect of the recessive allele in heterozygous conditions.
complete dominance
a mating experiment between two organisms that are identically hybrid for two traits.
dihybrid cross
1st filial generation obtained by crossing two different parents.
F1(First
consists of the offspring from allowing the F1 individuals to interbreed .
F2 (second filial)
the genetic constitution of an individual organism.
genotype
the number of times a genotype would appear in the offspring after a test cross.
genotypic ratio
p^2 + 2pq + q^2 = 1
Hardy-Weinberg Conditions
the genetic variation in a population will remain constant from one generation to the next in the absence of disturbing factors.
Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium
a form of Gene interaction in which both alleles of a gene at a locus are partially expressed, often resulting in an intermediate or different phenotype.
incomplete dominance
a genetic mix between two individuals with homozygous genotypes which result in an opposite phenotype.
monohybrid cross
the first in any genetic cross pollination experiment.
P (parental) generation
an individual’s observable traits
phenotype
a ratio comparing the possible outcomes for an organism based on physical appearance.
phenotypic ratio
a characteristic, such as height or skin color, that is influenced by two or more genes.
polygenic inheritance
a particular section, group, or type of people or animals living in an area or country.
population
the quantitative relation between two amounts showing the number of times one value contains or is contained within the other.
ratio
a change or difference in condition, amount, or level, typically with certain limits.
variation
