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IS Miking Aiken > Unit 3 List 1 DNA & Heredity > Flashcards

Unit 3 List 1 DNA & Heredity Flashcards

1
Q

a compound which is one of the four constituent bases of nucleic acids. A purine derivative, it is paired with thymine in double-stranded DNA.

A

Adenine

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2
Q

molecules that combine to form proteins.

A

Amino Acids

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3
Q

a trinucleotide sequence located at one end of a transfer RNA (tRNA) molecule, which is complementary to a corresponding codon in a messenger RNA (mRNA) sequence.

A

Antiocodon

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4
Q

the basic functional units of an organism

A

Cell types

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5
Q

which young, immature (unspecialized) cells take on individual characteristics and reach

A

cell differentiation

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6
Q

a threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes.

A

chromosome

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7
Q

the gelatinous liquid that fills the inside of a cell.

A

Cytoplasm

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8
Q

A codon is a DNA or RNA sequence of three nucleotides (a trinucleotide) that forms a unit of genomic information encoding a particular amino acid or signaling the termination of protein synthesis (stop signals).

A

codon

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9
Q

a compound found in living tissue as a constituent base of nucleic acids. It is paired with guanine in double-stranded DNA.

A

cytosine

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10
Q

a unit of heredity which is transferred from a parent to offspring and is held to determine some characteristic of the offspring.

A

gene

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10
Q

a pair of parallel helices intertwined about a common axis, especially that in the structure of the DNA molecule.

A

double helix

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11
Q

a sugar derived from ribose by replacing a hydroxyl group with hydrogen.

A

deoxyribose

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11
Q

a self-replicating material that is present in nearly all living organisms as the main constituent of chromosomes. It is the carrier of genetic information.

A

DNA

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11
Q

a substance produced by a living organism which acts as a catalyst to bring about a specific biochemical reaction.

A

enzyme

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12
Q

a network of membranous tubules within the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell, continuous with the nuclear membrane. It usually has ribosomes attached and is involved in protein and lipid synthesis.

A

endoplasmic reticulum

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13
Q

a compound that occurs in guano and fish scales, and is one of the four constituent bases of nucleic acids. A purine derivative, it is paired with cytosine in double-stranded DNA.

A

Guanine

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13
Q

a weak bond between two molecules resulting from an electrostatic attraction between a proton in one molecule and an electronegative atom in the other.

A

Hydrogen Bond

13
Q

a complex of vesicles and folded membranes within the cytoplasm of most eukaryotic cells, involved in secretion and intracellular transport.

A

Golgi apparatus

13
Q

a mutation is an alteration in the nucleic acid sequence of the genome of an organism, virus, or extrachromosomal DNA.

A

Mutation

13
Q

nitrogenous compounds that form an important part of the nucleotides.

A

nitrogenous base

14
Q

a type of single-stranded RNA involved in protein synthesis.

A

mRNA

14
Q

a double layer that encloses the cell’s nucleus, where the chromosomes reside.

A

nuclear membrane

14
Q

a compound consisting of a nucleoside linked to a phosphate group. Nucleotides form the basic structural unit of nucleic acids such as DNA.

A

nucleotide

14
Q

a complex organic substance present in living cells, especially DNA or RNA, whose molecules consist of many nucleotides linked in a long chain.

A

Nucleic Acid

14
Q

a covalent bond that links amino acids together to form a protein.

A

Peptide Bond

14
Q

the structure in a cell that contains the chromosomes.

A

nucleus

15
Q

A functional group characterized by a phosphorus atom bonded to four oxygen atoms (three single bonds and one double bond).

A

Phosphate group

16
Q

A substance that contains many amino acids

A

polypeptides

17
Q

the process that cells use to create proteins.

A

Protein Synthesis

18
Q

a sugar of the pentose class which occurs widely in nature as a constituent of nucleosides and several vitamins and enzymes.

A

ribose

19
Q

a minute particle consisting of RNA and associated proteins found in large numbers in the cytoplasm of living cells. They bind messenger RNA and transfer RNA to synthesize polypeptides and proteins.

A

ribosome

20
Q

Ribonucleic acid is a polymeric molecule that is essential for most biological functions, either by performing the function itself or by forming a template for the production of proteins.

A

RNA

21
Q

a molecule in cells that forms part of the protein-synthesizing organelle known as a ribosome

A

rRNA

22
Q

it the first codon in the transcribed mRNA that undergoes translation.

A

Start Codon

23
Q

(a trinucleotide) in DNA or messenger RNA (mRNA) that signals a halt to protein synthesis in

A

Stop Codon

24
Q

a compound which is one of the four constituent bases of nucleic acids. A pyrimidine derivative, it is paired with adenine in double-stranded DNA.

A

thymine

25
Q

the process of making an RNA copy of a gene’s DNA sequence.

A

Transcription

26
Q

the process of translating the sequence of a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule to a sequence of amino acids during protein synthesis.

A

translation

27
Q

a small RNA molecule that plays a key role in protein synthesis.

A

tRNA

28
Q

a compound found in living tissue as a constituent base of RNA. In DNA its place is taken by thymine.

A

Uracil

29
Q

a small fluid-filled bladder, sac, cyst, or vacuole within the body.

A

Vesicle

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