Unit 3 List 1 DNA & Heredity Flashcards
a compound which is one of the four constituent bases of nucleic acids. A purine derivative, it is paired with thymine in double-stranded DNA.
Adenine
molecules that combine to form proteins.
Amino Acids
a trinucleotide sequence located at one end of a transfer RNA (tRNA) molecule, which is complementary to a corresponding codon in a messenger RNA (mRNA) sequence.
Antiocodon
the basic functional units of an organism
Cell types
which young, immature (unspecialized) cells take on individual characteristics and reach
cell differentiation
a threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes.
chromosome
the gelatinous liquid that fills the inside of a cell.
Cytoplasm
A codon is a DNA or RNA sequence of three nucleotides (a trinucleotide) that forms a unit of genomic information encoding a particular amino acid or signaling the termination of protein synthesis (stop signals).
codon
a compound found in living tissue as a constituent base of nucleic acids. It is paired with guanine in double-stranded DNA.
cytosine
a unit of heredity which is transferred from a parent to offspring and is held to determine some characteristic of the offspring.
gene
a pair of parallel helices intertwined about a common axis, especially that in the structure of the DNA molecule.
double helix
a sugar derived from ribose by replacing a hydroxyl group with hydrogen.
deoxyribose
a self-replicating material that is present in nearly all living organisms as the main constituent of chromosomes. It is the carrier of genetic information.
DNA
a substance produced by a living organism which acts as a catalyst to bring about a specific biochemical reaction.
enzyme
a network of membranous tubules within the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell, continuous with the nuclear membrane. It usually has ribosomes attached and is involved in protein and lipid synthesis.
endoplasmic reticulum
a compound that occurs in guano and fish scales, and is one of the four constituent bases of nucleic acids. A purine derivative, it is paired with cytosine in double-stranded DNA.
Guanine
a weak bond between two molecules resulting from an electrostatic attraction between a proton in one molecule and an electronegative atom in the other.
Hydrogen Bond
a complex of vesicles and folded membranes within the cytoplasm of most eukaryotic cells, involved in secretion and intracellular transport.
Golgi apparatus
a mutation is an alteration in the nucleic acid sequence of the genome of an organism, virus, or extrachromosomal DNA.
Mutation
nitrogenous compounds that form an important part of the nucleotides.
nitrogenous base
a type of single-stranded RNA involved in protein synthesis.
mRNA
a double layer that encloses the cell’s nucleus, where the chromosomes reside.
nuclear membrane
a compound consisting of a nucleoside linked to a phosphate group. Nucleotides form the basic structural unit of nucleic acids such as DNA.
nucleotide
a complex organic substance present in living cells, especially DNA or RNA, whose molecules consist of many nucleotides linked in a long chain.
Nucleic Acid
a covalent bond that links amino acids together to form a protein.
Peptide Bond
the structure in a cell that contains the chromosomes.
nucleus
A functional group characterized by a phosphorus atom bonded to four oxygen atoms (three single bonds and one double bond).
Phosphate group
A substance that contains many amino acids
polypeptides
the process that cells use to create proteins.
Protein Synthesis
a sugar of the pentose class which occurs widely in nature as a constituent of nucleosides and several vitamins and enzymes.
ribose
a minute particle consisting of RNA and associated proteins found in large numbers in the cytoplasm of living cells. They bind messenger RNA and transfer RNA to synthesize polypeptides and proteins.
ribosome
Ribonucleic acid is a polymeric molecule that is essential for most biological functions, either by performing the function itself or by forming a template for the production of proteins.
RNA
a molecule in cells that forms part of the protein-synthesizing organelle known as a ribosome
rRNA
it the first codon in the transcribed mRNA that undergoes translation.
Start Codon
(a trinucleotide) in DNA or messenger RNA (mRNA) that signals a halt to protein synthesis in
Stop Codon
a compound which is one of the four constituent bases of nucleic acids. A pyrimidine derivative, it is paired with adenine in double-stranded DNA.
thymine
the process of making an RNA copy of a gene’s DNA sequence.
Transcription
the process of translating the sequence of a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule to a sequence of amino acids during protein synthesis.
translation
a small RNA molecule that plays a key role in protein synthesis.
tRNA
a compound found in living tissue as a constituent base of RNA. In DNA its place is taken by thymine.
Uracil
a small fluid-filled bladder, sac, cyst, or vacuole within the body.
Vesicle
