Unit 1 List 2 Cell Energy Flashcards
an organism that is able to form nutritional organic substances from simple inorganic substances such as carbon dioxide.
Autotroph
convert light energy into chemical energy.
Light Reactions
a green pigment, present in all green plants and in cyanobacteria, responsible for the absorption of light to provide energy for photosynthesis. Its molecule contains a magnesium atom held in a porphyrin ring.
Chlorophyll
the process by which green plants and some other organisms use sunlight to synthesize foods from carbon dioxide and water. Photosynthesis in plants generally involves the green pigment chlorophyll and generates oxygen as a byproduct.
Photosynthesis
the cycle of chemical reactions where the carbon from the carbon cycle is fixed into sugars.
Calvin cycle
a series of four protein complexes that couple redox reactions, creating an electrochemical gradient that leads to the creation of ATP in a complete system named oxidative phosphorylation.
Electron Transport Chain
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
NADPH
the natural coloring matter of animal or plant tissue.
Pigment
a coin-shaped stack of thylakoids, which are the membrane-like structures found inside the chloroplasts of plant cells.
Granum
any of the minute pores in the epidermis of the leaf or stem of a plant, forming a slit of variable width which allows movement of gases in and out of the intercellular spaces.
Stomata
Carbon fixation is the process by which plants and algae convert the carbon found in inorganic molecules in the atmosphere into organic matter to produce biological building blocks and fuel for cellular respiration.
Carbon Fixation
an organism deriving its nutritional requirements from complex organic substances.
Heterotrophs
each of a number of flattened sacs inside a chloroplast, bounded by pigmented membranes on which the light reactions of photosynthesis take place, and arranged in stacks or grana.
Thylakoids
any of a class of mainly yellow, orange, or red fat-soluble pigments, including carotene, which give color to plant parts such as ripe tomatoes and autumn leaves.
Carotenoids
a gel-like material in the mitochondrion, or organelle that performs the process of aerobic respiration, that contains ribosomes resembling those of bacteria.
Mitochondrial matrix
