Unit 3 List 3 DNA & Heredity

Question 1

egg cell

Answer 1

the female reproductive cell, or gamete, in most anisogamous organisms

Question 1

cellular division

Answer 1

During mitosis, a cell duplicates all of its contents, including its chromosomes, and splits to form two identical daughter cells.

Question 2

fertilization

Answer 2

when sperm and an egg join together.

Question 3

epigenetic

Answer 3

the study of how cells control gene activity without changing the DNA sequence.

Question 4

genome

Answer 4

the haploid set of chromosomes in a gamete or microorganism, or in each cell of a multicellular organism.

Question 5

Inherited traits

Answer 5

a trait or variants encoded in DNA and passed from parent to offspring during reproduction.

Question 6

Multicellular organism

Answer 6

an organism composed of many cells.

Question 7

sexual reproduction

Answer 7

the production of new organisms by the combination of genetic information of two individuals of different sexes.

Question 8

sperm cell

Answer 8

male sex cells with three main parts: a head, midpiece and tail.

Question 9

autosomal

Answer 9

he gene in question is located on one of the numbered, or non-sex, chromosomes.

Question 10

complete dominance

Answer 10

a condition wherein the dominant allele completely masks the effect of the recessive allele;

Question 11

dihybrid cross

Answer 11

a mating experiment between two organisms that are identically hybrid for two traits.

Question 12

F1 (first filial)

Answer 12

the first filial generation seeds/plants or animal offspring resulting from a cross-mating of distinctly different parental types.

Question 13

F2 (second filial)

Answer 13

the result of a cross between two F1 individuals.

Question 14

genotypic ratio

Answer 14

the proportional relationship between different genotypes that result from a genetic cross

Question 15

Hardy-Weinberg Conditions

Answer 15

no mutation, random mating, no gene flow, infinite population size, and no selection.

Question 16

incomplete dominance

Answer 16

a form of Gene interaction in which both alleles of a gene at a locus are partially expressed, often resulting in an intermediate or different phenotype.

Question 16

Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium

Answer 16

no mutation, random mating, no gene flow, infinite population size, and no selection.

Question 17

monohybrid cross

Answer 17

the hybrid of two individuals with homozygous genotypes which result in the opposite phenotype for a certain genetic trait.

Question 18

P (parental) generation

Answer 18

the original pair of parents at the start of a genetic cross experiment.

Question 19

phenotypic ratio

Answer 19

the ratio of different phenotypes present in the offspring of a cross.

Question 20

population

Answer 20

the whole number of people or inhabitants in a country or region.

Question 21

ratio

Answer 21

a numerical comparison of how many offspring will have one phenotype versus another.

Question 22

variation

Answer 22

a change or difference in condition, amount, or level, typically with certain limits.