Unit 3 List 3 DNA & Heredity Flashcards
egg cell
the female reproductive cell, or gamete, in most anisogamous organisms
cellular division
During mitosis, a cell duplicates all of its contents, including its chromosomes, and splits to form two identical daughter cells.
fertilization
when sperm and an egg join together.
epigenetic
the study of how cells control gene activity without changing the DNA sequence.
genome
the haploid set of chromosomes in a gamete or microorganism, or in each cell of a multicellular organism.
Inherited traits
a trait or variants encoded in DNA and passed from parent to offspring during reproduction.
Multicellular organism
an organism composed of many cells.
sexual reproduction
the production of new organisms by the combination of genetic information of two individuals of different sexes.
sperm cell
male sex cells with three main parts: a head, midpiece and tail.
autosomal
he gene in question is located on one of the numbered, or non-sex, chromosomes.
complete dominance
a condition wherein the dominant allele completely masks the effect of the recessive allele;
dihybrid cross
a mating experiment between two organisms that are identically hybrid for two traits.
F1 (first filial)
the first filial generation seeds/plants or animal offspring resulting from a cross-mating of distinctly different parental types.
F2 (second filial)
the result of a cross between two F1 individuals.
genotypic ratio
the proportional relationship between different genotypes that result from a genetic cross
Hardy-Weinberg Conditions
no mutation, random mating, no gene flow, infinite population size, and no selection.
incomplete dominance
a form of Gene interaction in which both alleles of a gene at a locus are partially expressed, often resulting in an intermediate or different phenotype.
Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium
no mutation, random mating, no gene flow, infinite population size, and no selection.
monohybrid cross
the hybrid of two individuals with homozygous genotypes which result in the opposite phenotype for a certain genetic trait.
P (parental) generation
the original pair of parents at the start of a genetic cross experiment.
phenotypic ratio
the ratio of different phenotypes present in the offspring of a cross.
population
the whole number of people or inhabitants in a country or region.
ratio
a numerical comparison of how many offspring will have one phenotype versus another.
variation
a change or difference in condition, amount, or level, typically with certain limits.
