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Bio Harmonei Young > Unit 3 List 1 DNA & Heredity > Flashcards

Unit 3 List 1 DNA & Heredity Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

adenine

A

a compound which is one of the four constituent bases of nucleic acids. A purine derivative, it is paired with thymine in double-stranded DNA.

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2
Q

amino acid

A

molecules that combine to form proteins.

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3
Q

anticodon

A

a sequence of three nucleotides forming a unit of genetic code in a transfer RNA molecule, corresponding to a complementary codon in messenger RNA.

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4
Q

cell types

A

Cell types are the basic functional units of an organism.

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5
Q

cell differentiation

A

the process of cells becoming more specialized.

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6
Q

chromosome

A

A structure found inside the nucleus of a cell.

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7
Q

codon

A

A sequence of three consecutive nucleotides in a DNA or RNA molecule that codes for a specific amino acid.

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8
Q

cytoplasm

A

the gelatinous liquid that fills the inside of a cell.

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9
Q

cytosine

A

A chemical compound that is used to make one of the building blocks of DNA and RNA.

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10
Q

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)

A

the molecule that carries genetic information for the development and functioning of an organism.

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11
Q

deoxyribose

A

a sugar that has five carbon atoms and four oxygen atoms in each molecule and is part of DNA

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12
Q

double helix

A

a term used to describe the physical structure of DNA.

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13
Q

endoplasmic reticulum

A

a network of membranes inside a cell through which proteins and other molecules move.

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14
Q

enzyme

A

proteins that help speed up metabolism, or the chemical reactions in our bodies.

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15
Q

gene

A

The basic unit of heredity passed from parent to child.

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16
Q

Golgi apparatus *

A

a cell organelle that helps process and package proteins and lipid molecules, especially proteins destined to be exported from the cell.

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17
Q

guanine

A

A chemical compound that is used to make one of the building blocks of DNA and RNA.

18
Q

hydrogen bond

A

a special type of dipole-dipole attraction between molecules, not a covalent bond to a hydrogen atom.

19
Q

mRNA

A

Messenger RNAa molecule that contains the instructions or recipe that directs the cells to make a protein using its natural machinery.

20
Q

mutation

A

Any change in the DNA sequence of a cell.

21
Q

nitrogenous base

A

A molecule that contains nitrogen and has the chemical properties of a base.

22
Q

nuclear membrane

A

a double layer that encloses the cell’s nucleus, where the chromosomes reside.

23
Q

nucleic acid *

A

large biomolecules that play essential roles in all cells and viruses.

24
Q

nucleotide

A

A molecule that is the basic building block of the nucleic acids DNA and RNA.

25
Q

nucleus

A

the structure in a cell that contains the chromosomes.

26
Q

peptide bond *

A

a covalent bond that links amino acids together to form a protein.

27
Q

phosphate group *

A

A functional group characterized by a phosphorus atom bonded to four oxygen atoms

28
Q

polypeptides

A

a single linear chain of many amino acids (any length), held together by amide bonds.

28
Q

protein synthesis *

A

the biological process whereby amino acids are assembled by peptide bonding into specific polypeptide sequences in accord with genetic blueprints encoded by deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).

29
Q

ribose

A

a sugar that forms the backbone of a very important molecule called ribonucleic acid (RNA).

30
Q

ribosome

A

the cellular machinery responsible for making proteins.

31
Q

RNA

A

Ribonucleic acid (abbreviated RNA) is a nucleic acid present in all living cells that has structural similarities to DNA.

32
Q

rRNA

A

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is part of the ribosome, or protein builders, of the cell.

33
Q

start codon *

A

the initial set of codons in an mRNA transcript that is translated by a ribosome.

34
Q

stop codon *

A

a sequence of three nucleotides (a trinucleotide) in DNA or messenger RNA (mRNA) that signals a halt to protein synthesis in the cell.

34
Q

thymine

A

one of the four nucleotide bases in the nucleic acid of DNA that are represented by the letters G–C–A–T.

35
Q

transcription

A

the process by which a cell makes an RNA copy of a piece of DNA.

36
Q

translation

A

the process by which a cell makes proteins using the genetic information carried in messenger RNA (mRNA).

37
Q

tRNA

A

Transfer RNA (abbreviated tRNA) is a small RNA molecule that plays a key role in protein synthesis.

37
Q

uracil

A

a common and naturally occurring pyrimidine nucleobase in which the pyrimidine ring is substituted with two oxo groups at positions 2 and 4.

38
Q

vesicle

A

A small sac formed by a membrane and filled with liquid.

Bio Harmonei Young (7 decks)

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