Unit 3 List 3 DNA & Heredity

Question 1

Cellular Division

Answer 1

the division of a cell into two daughter cells with the same genetic material.

Question 2

Egg Cell

Answer 2

the female reproductive cell, or gamete, in most anisogamous organisms (organisms that reproduce sexually

Question 3

Epigenetic

Answer 3

the study of heritable traits, or a stable change of cell function, that happen without changes to the DNA sequence

Question 4

Fertilization

Answer 4

the union of two gametes. During fertilization, sperm and egg fuse

Question 5

Genome

Answer 5

The complete set of DNA (genetic material) in an organism.

Question 6

Inherited Traits

Answer 6

a trait or variants encoded in DNA and passed from parent to offspring during reproduction

Question 7

Multicellular Organisms

Answer 7

an organism that is made of many cells, such as plants, animals or fungi

Question 8

Sexual Reproduction

Answer 8

the production of new organisms by the combination of genetic information of two individuals of different sexes

Question 9

Sperm Cell

Answer 9

The male reproductive cell, formed in the testicle

Question 10

Autosomal

Answer 10

one of the numbered chromosomes, as opposed to the sex chromosomes

Question 11

Complete Dominance

Answer 11

a condition wherein the dominant allele completely masks the effect of the recessive allele

Question 12

Dihybrid Cross

Answer 12

a cross between two individuals with two observed traits that are controlled by two distinct genes.

Question 13

F1 (First Filial)

Answer 13

the first generation of offspring produced by a set of parents

Question 14

F2 (Second Filial)

Answer 14

the result of a cross between two F1 individuals.

Question 15

Genotypic Ratio

Answer 15

the proportional relationship between different genotypes that result from a genetic cross

Question 16

Hardy-Weinberg Conditions

Answer 16

allele and genotype frequencies in a population will remain constant from generation to generation in the absence of other evolutionary influences

Question 17

Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium

Answer 17

a principle stating that the genetic variation in a population will remain constant from one generation to the next.

Question 18

incomplete dominance

Answer 18

a form of Gene interaction in which both alleles of a gene at a locus are partially expressed, often resulting in an intermediate or different phenotype

Question 19

monohybrid cross

Answer 19

a cross between two organisms with different variations at one genetic locus of interest.

Question 20

P (parental) generation

Answer 20

the original pair of parents at the start of a genetic cross experiment

Question 21

phenotypic ratio

Answer 21

a ratio comparing the possible outcomes for an organism based on physical appearance

Question 22

polygenic inheritance

Answer 22

the inheritance of a trait governed by more than one genes.

Question 23

population

Answer 23

the number of certain organisms in a single area

Question 24

ratio

Answer 24

the relationship in quantity, amount, or size between two or more things

Question 25

Variation

Answer 25

a different or distinct form or version of something.