Unit 3 List 3 Cell Energy CB Flashcards
Autotroph
A type of organism that can produce what it wants using elements like light,water,carbon dioxide or other types of chemicals.
Light Dependent Reactions
A reaction that can convert light energy into chemical energy.
Chlorophyll
A green type substance. A type of pigment that is green in things like plants,algae and cyanobacteria that are essential for photosynthesis.
Photosynthesis
A process that is a chemical process that occurs in plants,algae and some other types of bacteria when they are exposed to the sunlight.
Calvin cycle
Where carbon from the carbon cycle is fixed into sugars. It is also known as the C3 cycle.
Electron Transport Chain
A process when a series of proteins transfer electrons from donors to acceptors.
NADPH
The phosphate represents an important electron donor that is used in a variety of biological settings.
Pigment
A type of substance that gives color to other materials and doesn’t dissolve in the material they are mixed with.
Granum
A stack of thylakoids that are coin-shaped and are the membrane-like structures found inside the chloroplasts of plant cells.
Stomata
A pore surrounded by 2 other guard cells that can allow gas exchange.
Carbon Fixation
A conversion of CO2 ( Carbon Dioxide ) that gets changed into organic molecules by autotrophic organisms.
Heterotrophs
An organism that eats other living things for nutrients and energy.
Thylakoids
Pouch-like sacs that are bound to a membrane and also located in the chloroplasts of the plant cell.
Carotenoids
A class of more than 750 pigments that are synthesized by plants,algae and photosynthetic bacteria.
Stroma
Types of cells and tissue that give support and give structure to organs, glands and other tissues in the body.
Mitochondrial matrix
A gel-like type substance that is enclosed by the inner mitochondrial membrane.
Aerobic respiration
A chemical process that is when oxygen is used to make energy from carbohydrates ( sugar ).
Fermentation
The process when a substance break down into a new simpler substance.
NAD+
Nicotinamide adenine dinnucleotide. a type of coenzyme molecule that is involved in a number of important biological process such as the transport of high energy electrons.
Alcoholic fermentation
A process when some sugars such as glucose are converted into alcohol and carbon dioxide by the action of various yeasts,mold or bacteria on carbohydrate.
Glycolysis
A process when glucose ( sugar ) is partially broken down by cells in enzyme reactions that don’t need any type of oxygen.
NADH
Nicotinmide adenine dinucleotide + hydrolysis is when the body plays a role in generating energy. It is produced by the body to make energy, taking NADH supplements might affect blood pressure and have other effects.
Anaerobic respiration
This respiration occurs without oxygen and releases less energy but more quickly than aerobic respiration.
Cellular respiration
The process when cells derive energy from glucose.
