Unit 3 List 3 CC

Question 1

Autotroph

Answer 1

an organism that can produce its own food using light, water, carbon dioxide, or other chemicals.

Question 2

Light Dependent Reactions

Answer 2

Those reactions which occur in the presence of light (photons)

Question 3

Chlorophyll

Answer 3

a pigment that gives plants their green color, and it helps plants create their own food through photosynthesis.

Question 4

Photosynthesis

Answer 4

A chemical process that occurs in plants, algae, and some types of bacteria, when they are exposed to sunlight.

Question 5

Calvin cycle

Answer 5

the term used for the reactions of photosynthesis that use the energy stored by the light-dependent reactions to form glucose and other carbohydrate molecules.

Question 6

Electron Transport Chain

Answer 6

a series of four protein complexes that couple redox reactions, creating an electrochemical gradient that leads to the creation of ATP in a complete system named oxidative phosphorylation

Question 7

NADPH

Answer 7

represents an important electron donor that is used in a variety of biological settings.

Question 8

Pigment

Answer 8

a substance that gives color to other materials.

Question 9

Granum

Answer 9

a coin-shaped stack of thylakoids, which are the membrane-like structures found inside the chloroplasts of plant cells

Question 10

Stomata

Answer 10

a pore or aperture surrounded by two guard cells that allow gas exchange.

Question 11

Carbon Fixation

Answer 11

the process by which plants and algae convert the carbon found in inorganic molecules in the atmosphere into organic matter to produce biological building blocks and fuel for cellular respiration.

Question 12

Heterotrophs

Answer 12

an organism that eats other plants or animals for energy and nutrients

Question 13

Thylakoids

Answer 13

tiny compartments found inside of chloroplasts.

Question 14

Carotenoids

Answer 14

pigments in plants, algae, and photosynthetic bacteria

Question 15

Stroma

Answer 15

The cells and tissues that support and give structure to organs, glands, or other tissues in the body

Question 16

Mitochondrial matrix

Answer 16

the inner space surrounded by the mitochondrial inner membrane, which contains several proteins, such as enzymes involved in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, fatty acid oxidation, amino acid degradation, and other biochemical reactions

Question 17

Aerobic respiration

Answer 17

A chemical process in which oxygen is used to make energy from carbohydrates (sugars).

Question 18

Fermentation

Answer 18

the process in which a substance breaks down into a simpler substance.

Question 19

NAD+

Answer 19

It’s a critical coenzyme found in every cell in your body that’s involved in hundreds of metabolic processes like cellular energy and mitochondrial health.

Question 20

Alcoholic fermentation

Answer 20

a biological method wherein the sugar gets transformed into carbon dioxide and alcohol

Question 21

Glycolysis

Answer 21

A process in which glucose (sugar) is partially broken down by cells in enzyme reactions that do not need oxygen.

Question 22

NADH

Answer 22

It occurs naturally in the body and plays a role in generating energy.

Question 23

Anaerobic respiration

Answer 23

occurs without oxygen and releases less energy but more quickly than aerobic respiration.

Question 24

Cellular respiration

Answer 24

a metabolic pathway that uses glucose to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP), an organic compound the body can use for energy

Question 25

Krebs cycle

Answer 25

a series of chemical reactions in living things in which acetic acid or a related substance is oxidized to produce energy which is stored in ATP.

Question 26

Pyruvic acid

Answer 26

A colorless organic liquid formed by the breakdown of carbohydrates and sugars during cell metabolism

Question 27

Citric Acid Cycle

Answer 27

serves as the mitochondrial hub for the final steps in carbon skeleton oxidative catabolism for carbohydrates, amino acids, and fatty acids.