Unit 2 Chemistry AW Flashcards
Atoms
The basic unit of a chemical element
Molecules
a group of atoms bonded together, representing the smallest fundamental unit of a chemical compound that can take part in a chemical reaction.
Substances
a particular kind of matter with uniform properties.
Homogenous Mixtures
It is the type of mixture where the composition is constant throughout or the components that make up the mixture are distributed uniformly
Heterogenous Mixtures
a mixture where throughout the solution the composition is not uniform.
Chemical Properties
a characteristic of a substance that may be observed when it participates in a chemical reaction.
Physical Properties
a characteristic of a substance that can be observed or measured without changing the identity of the substance
Isotopes
Atoms with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons
Elements
a simple substance that cannot be broken down into smaller parts or changed into another substance.
Compounds
a thing that is composed of two or more separate elements; a mixture.
Reactants
a chemical substance that is present at the start of a chemical reaction
Products
the species formed from chemical reactions
Hydrogen Bonds
an electrostatic attraction between a hydrogen atom in one polar molecule (as of water) and a small electronegative atom (as of oxygen, nitrogen, or fluorine) in usually another molecule of the same or a different polar substance.
Covalent Bonds
the mutual sharing of one or more pairs of electrons between two atoms
Ionic Bonds
the bond formed by the complete transfer of valence electron to attain stability.
Cation
an ion, or charged particle, with a positive charge
Anion
an atom that has more electrons than protons
Periodic
Table
organizes all discovered chemical elements in rows (called periods) and columns (called groups) according to increasing atomic number
Periodic Table Rows
organizes chemical elements in rows
Volence Electrons
the electrons located at the outermost shell of an atom
pH Scale
measures how acidic or alkaline a substance is.
Acids
a chemical substance that neutralizes alkalis, dissolves some metals, and turns litmus red; typically, a corrosive or sour-tasting liquid of this kind.
Bases
any substance that in water solution is slippery to the touch, tastes bitter, changes the color of indicators
