UNIT 3 - Fluid and Electrolytes and Elimination

Question 1

what is one of the biggest perfusion issues that can cause an AKI?

Answer 1

dehydration

Question 2

how many liters of blood is filtered through the kidneys everyday?

Answer 2

200

Question 3

excretion of waste products, drugs, and toxins as well as removing excess water from the body.

Answer 3

excretory functions

Question 4

what is the minimum and maximum output of waste should an adult put out per hour?

Answer 4

0.5-1 mg/hr

Question 5

what is the minimum and maximum output of waste should a child put out per hour?

Answer 5

1 mg/kg/hr

Question 6

what is the minimum and maximum output of waste should an infant put out per hour?

Answer 6

2 mg/kg/hr

Question 7

• erythopoietin production (stimulates RBC creation in bone marrow)
• vitamin D activation (calcium is needed in order to work)
• prostaglandin, bradykinins (major potent vasodilators.)

Answer 7

hormonal function of the kidneys

Question 8

regulates blood pressure and blood volume (renin) blood pressure will go up without renin.

Answer 8

regulatory functions

Question 9

protects against infection

Answer 9

renal capsule

Question 10

hypertonic to filtrate

-aids in re-absorption of of H20

Answer 10

renal medulla

Question 11

afferent arterioles

Answer 11

going into the glomerulus

Question 12

efferent arterioles

Answer 12

going away from the glomerulus

Question 13

functional unit of the kidney.

- 1.2 million in each kidney

Answer 13

nephron

Question 14

manages BP, especially when the BP is low.

Answer 14

RAAS

Question 15

mannitol is used for _____ typically. increases the risk of acute kidney injury

Answer 15

ICP

Question 16

maintains Ca and phosphate homeostasis. stored in fat. kidneys activate vitamin ___, which increases calcium from GI tract.

Answer 16

vitamin D metabolism

Question 17

stimulates bone marrow to make RBC. initiates synthesis of hemeglobin. there is a need for this to be made when oxygen levels are low

Answer 17

erythopoietin

Question 18

if the blood pressure is _____ then the production of prostaglandins ____ in order to ____ the BP

Answer 18

increased; increased; lower

Question 19

determines how much blood goes through the glomerulus.

Answer 19

afferent arterioles

Question 20

average GFR rate is ____

greater than ___ is best.

Answer 20

125 mL/min

90 mL/min

Question 21

acid base balance occurs. K and hydrogen ions secreted into filtrate.

Answer 21

tubular secretion

Question 22

when the BP is between ___-____ the GFR is not effective

Answer 22

65 to 75

Question 23

glucose greater than ____ shows up in the urine

Answer 23

220

Question 24

produces hormones that help regulate your metabolism, immune system, BP, and response to stress.

Answer 24

adrenal cortex

Question 25

located on top of both kidneys

Answer 25

adrenal gland and cortex

Question 26

• ensures that there’s not too much or too little water in the body.
• makes sure that the pressure isn’t too high or too low
• gets rid of urea, uric acid, toxins, and other wastes via urine
• activates vitamin D in the bones, which helps the body absorb calcium
• makes sure that the body isn’t too acidic or alkaline
• maintains a balance of electrolytes (like K, Na, and Ca) which is critical for heart rhythm.

Answer 26

what a kidney does

Question 27

blood before it gets to the kidneys

Answer 27

pre-renal

Question 28

what is an intrinsic or intra-renal cause to a AKI?

Answer 28

trauma and medications

Question 29

what is a post renal cause of AKI?

Answer 29

urine flow obstruction (kidney stone, prosteric hypertrophy)
- use a Kudai catheter

Question 30

buildup of nirogren

Answer 30

azotemia

Question 31

buildup of urea in blood

Answer 31

uremia

Question 32

increased ____ means that uremia and azotemia is occurring.

Answer 32

BUN