Unit 3 - Enzymes and Photosynthesis_Cellular Respiration Flashcards
Enzyme site specificity
polar - polar
nonpolar - nonpolar
positive charge - negative charge
Induced fit
slight change in the enzyme/active site to fit the substrate
What do enzymes do?
speed up processes by reducing activation energy
Increased substrate means?
Increased rate of reaction, more product
Decreased amounts of enzyme?
Decrease rate of reaction, less product
More substrate in an area means?
What is saturation point?
More collisions = more interaction between substrate and active site = more product
More product = less space for collisions = saturation point.
Increased temperature will cause what?
More collisions/substrate to enzyme interactions
Denature
High temp = disrupt bonds, denatures
Low temp = slows down the enzyme but WILL NOT denature
pH effects
Disturbs the hydrogen bonds (H+ ions in pH)
Cofactor
Nonprotein that aids enzyme function
Coenzyme
Organic cofactors (vitamins)
Competitive inhibitors
- irreversible/permanent: covalent bonds w/ inhibitor and enzyme
- reversible: bonds with weak interactions
How to prevent competition
Add more substrate = better chance for it to bind
Inhibitor > Substrate = dec. reaction rate
Substrate > Inhibitor = normal rates
Noncompetitive/Allosteric
Allosteric site with an inhibitor will cause a shape change to the original active site – substrate can’t bind
Cooperativity
One substrate opens all other active sites
“Take one for the team”
Activator
Substrate binds to the regulator site (not the active site) in order to stabilize the shape and open active sites
Inhibitor
Substrate binds to regulator and closes the active sites
Catabolic
Release energy
Anabolic
Stores/uses energy
Metabolic pathway
build/break up of complex molecules
Energy coupling
Energy released from exergonic reaction can be used to drive energy being stored in an endergonic reaction
Exergonic
Energy produced
Cellular respiration
Endergonic
Energy used
Photosynthesis
ATP Energy Coupling
When ATP+H2O (hydrolysis), energy is released since a P is broken off (catabolic). This is Exergonic (energy produced).
When P is added back to the ADP (phosphorylation), energy is used/stored (anabolic). This is Endergonic (energy used).
Photosynthesis (look at one pager)
Light-dependent reaction
Dark/Calvin cycle (Carbon fixation, Reduction, Regeneration)
Cellular Respiration
Glycolysis
Kreb Cycle
Oxidative phosphorylation
ATP Synthase
Enzyme that uses the proton gradient to phosphorylate
Produces ATP
Oxidize
Donate e-
Reduce
Gain e-
Fitness in Chloroplast
Different chlorophyll absorbs different wave lengthes
