Unit 1 - Water, Macromolecules

Question 1

Carbohydrate elements

monomer, polymer

bond

Answer 1

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen

Monosaccharide, Polysaccharide

glycoside

Question 2

Protein elements

monomer, polymer

bond

Answer 2

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen
Sulfide when it comes to disulfide bridge

Animo Acid, peptide, polypeptide

peptide

Question 3

Lipid elements

monomer, polymer

bond

Answer 3

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorous (phospholipid bilayer)

not real, fatty acid

ester

Question 4

Nucleic Acid elements

monomer, polymer

bond

Answer 4

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorous

nucleotide, polynucleotide

phosphodiester (link the sugar phosphate backbone to the next one from 5’ to 3’)

Question 5

Hydroxyl

Answer 5

• OH

Question 6

Carbonyl

Answer 6

C = O

Question 7

Carboxyl

Answer 7

C = O
- OH

Question 8

Animo/N-Terminus

Answer 8

N - H
- H

Question 9

Saturated
vs
Unsaturated

Answer 9

Linear, solid, animal fat

Bent, liquid (cis: bent, trans: straight), plant oil

Question 10

Dehydration Synthesis

Answer 10

bonds monomers by losing H2O

Question 11

Hydrolysis

Answer 11

breaks down polymers by adding H2O

Question 12

Polarity

Answer 12

H2O, H has S+ and O has S-

Question 13

Cohesion

Answer 13

sticking to itself

Question 14

Adhesion

Answer 14

sticking to others

Question 15

Surface tension

Answer 15

cohesion

Question 16

Capillary action

Answer 16

sticking to itself and sticking to other surfaces, defies gravity, found in plants

Question 17

High Specific Heat

Answer 17

needs lots of energy to heat up, hard to change the temperature

Question 18

Evaporative cooling

Answer 18

sweating, maintaining body temp - homeostasis

Question 19

Density

Answer 19

reason of floating ice, in frozen lake, the water underneath will stay not too cold

Question 20

Solvent

Answer 20

H2O: due to water being polar (unbalanced), it can bind to a lot of things

Question 21

Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
Quatranary

Answer 21

1. linear animo acid chain
2. peptide backbone coils and folds up (alpha helix, beta pleats)
3. 3D structure is formed based on the R-group
4. multiple polypeptide structures together

Question 22

Protein R-Group

Answer 22

determines the shapes, which determines function

Question 23

DNA characteristics

Answer 23

• double stranded
• thymine
• deoxyribose (sugar without oxygen)

Question 24

RNA characteristics

Answer 24

• single stranded
• uracil
• ribose

Question 25

Both DNA and RNA

Answer 25

• adenine, guanine, cytosine
• transmission of genetic info
• make proteins
• 5’ to 3’ directionality

Question 26

Pyrimidines

Answer 26

1 ring, 6 atoms

cytosine, thymine, uracil

Question 27

Purines

Answer 27

1 ring, 5 atoms

adenine, guanine

Question 28

Charaff’s rule

Answer 28

A - T = 2 H bonds
G - C = 3 H bonds

Question 29

Sugar Phosphate Backbone

Answer 29

5’ to 3’
phosphate group
sugar

Question 30

Nucleoside
vs
Nucleotide

Answer 30

sugar + nitrogen base

phosphate + sugar + nitrogen base