[Unit 3: Enquiry Question 2]

Question 1

what five factors have Redcar experienced due to deindustrialisation

Answer 1

dereliction

contamination

depopulation

crime rate

unemployment

Question 2

how has dereliction affected Redcar

Answer 2

steelworks closed in 2015

all sites abandoned
-creates negative image for Redcar
-Lowering FDI and tourism income

not enough funding for redevelopment nor demolition
-negative multiplier effect

Question 3

how has contamination affected Redcar

Answer 3

industry running for 36 years

soil and water contaminated with chemicals and waste

after a year nothing done and still leaching chemicals

cost of having to clean up repels TNCs
-negative multiplier effect

Question 4

how has depopulation affected Redcar

Answer 4

working age population left to find jobs
-leaving Redcar with an aging population

economy is unstable
-less attractive to migrants

Question 5

how has crime rate affected Redcar

Answer 5

antisocial behaviour
-abandoned buildings are hotspots

lack of jobs so people steal etc

Redcar is now seen as unsafe
-repels TNCs, FDI, migrants

Question 6

how has unemployment affected Redcar

Answer 6

over 2000 lost jobs (steelworks only)

unemployment at almost 100%

other businesses rely on spending power of other workers

low tax income for government.

Question 7

Lee’s push pull migration theory

Answer 7

positive & negative characteristics of origin vs destination. Also looks at intervening obstacles.

Question 8

give some examples of intervening factors

Answer 8

not speaking the language, obtaining a visa, distance.

Question 9

Case study of New Delhi in terms of rural-urban migration:
-why they might move
-issues for the city

Answer 9

many job opportunities

natural increase

hyper urbanisation means they cant keep up with sanitation needs etc

WHO measured their air quality as the worst (153micrograms)

Question 10

what is an elite migrant

Answer 10

a highly skilled or influential migrant

Question 11

what is a low wage migrant

Answer 11

legal or illegal migrant working in low wage jobs

Question 12

Caste study of Qatar in terms of international migration

Answer 12

workers have poor sanitation (12men, 1bedroom)

they get lied to about the conditions there

can be forced labour

boys as young as 16

sometimes not paid
-cant send remittances

they get alienated with no ID nor passport

Question 13

(dis)advantages of international migration for source country

Answer 13

dis:
brain drain
less tax
non-working-age population
derelict buildings

ad:
remittances
less government spending on public services
if return, they come with new skill

Question 14

(dis)advantages of international migration for host country

Answer 14

dis:
social tensions
less school/job places
new glocalisation/markets to adapt to migrants
-changes urban environment

ad:
fills skill shortages
migrants do jobs locals dont want to
migrants spend wages on economy
they may establish a new business

Question 15

what is the definition of culture

Answer 15

a system of shared meaning. influences way people live. influenced by globalisation

Question 16

what are the 5 cultural traits

Answer 16

traditions
-behaviour passed down generations

language
-one national language

food
-national dishes reflect local crops and animals

clothing
-adapted to climate or religious teachings

religion
-local variations, resistant to change
-affect other traits like food and clothing

Question 17

what is cultural diffusion

Answer 17

the spread of cultural beliefs and social activities from one group to another. Increased by globalisation

Question 18

what is global homogenisation

Answer 18

the idea that the world is becoming the same due to globalisation, westernisation etc. leading to cultural erosion

Question 19

define cultural erosion

Answer 19

loss of traditional (language, food, music, clothing) within a cultural group. caused by globalisation as people want to be more homogonous

Question 20

what is cultural imperialism

Answer 20

stronger nation imposes ideas or values on a less powerful nation

Question 21

how can globalisation be good for a culture

Answer 21

places like Ireland have used it to sell their culture (Guinness), and rebirth their culture
-Gaelic was dying out but now taught to kids

Question 22

give an example of cultural erosion

Answer 22

papua new guinea
-used to have 7000 cultures
-colonialism caused languages to be lost, hunter and gatherer jobs to be lost, and Christianity to be spread.

globalisation lead to the construction of the coal mine.
-caused war between tribes and government.

Question 23

give an example of a country which is resistant to cultural erosion.

Answer 23

Iran.

they dont want to be overcome by globalisation

they dont like barbie dolls as they dont have much clothing (their religion doesnt allow it)

Question 24

define Assimilation

Answer 24

minority traits begin to disappear as migrants adapt host values

Question 25

define censorship in terms of culture

Answer 25

preventing citizens learning of other cultures through media etc (china)

Question 26

define closed door in terms of culture

Answer 26

not allowing immigrants due to fears of cultural erosion (cambodia)