Unit 3: Energy Flashcards
what is photosynthesis
process by which organisms use energy from sunlight ti make the sugar glucose
what type of organisms do photosynthesis
plants. protists, and bacteria
what are the parts of the chloroplast
thylakoid, stroma, grana
what is chlorophyll
a pigment that absorbs light energy
how do gases enter and exit the leaves of plants
stromata
what is the chemical equation for photosynthesis
sunglight + 6co2+ 6h20 = c6h2o6 + 6o2
what are products of photosynthesis
glucose and oxygen
what are the reactants of photosynthesis
light energy, carbon dioxide, and water
what are the two main stages in photosynthesis and where do they take place?
light dependant reactions- thylakoids
light independant reactions- stroma
what happens in light reactions
when something relies on the light, change to chemical energy, stored in nadph and atp
what is produced in the light reactions that goes to the Calvin cycle
atp and nadph
what happens in the calvin cycle
use the energy stored by the light-dependent reactions to form glucose and other carbohydrate molecules
why is photosynthesis important
it transform water, sunlight and carbon dioxide into oxygen
what is cellular respiration
process that converts glucose into atp
which organisms do cellular respiration
plants, animals, other eukaryotes
what is atp
energy carrying molecule for cells ( fuel for the cell)
what are the parts of the mitochondrion
matrix, cristae, inner/ outer membrane
what is the chemical equation for cellular respiration
C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6 O 2 = 6 CO 2 + 6 H 2 O + ATP
what are the reactants of cellular respiration
glucose and oxygen
what are the products of cellular respiration
atp, carbon dioxide, and water
what are the 3 stages of cellular respiration
Glycolysis- cytoplasm, Kerbs Cycle- matrix, Electron transport chain- inner membrane ( mitochondria)
what happens during glycolysis
glucose ultimately breaks down into pyruvate and energy
what happes during the krebs cycle
rest of glucose is broken down and electrons that are extracted go to the etc. Atp is made
what happens during the electron transport chain
the electrons go through a chain of proteins that increases its reduction potential and causes a release in energy.
what are the molecules that carry electrons to the electron transport chain
NADH
how many ATP molecules are produced during glycolysis, Krebs cycle, etc?
Glycolysis- 2
Kerbs Cycle- 2
Electron chain- 32-34
what is the difference of aerobic and anaerobic respiration
aerobic- requires oxygen
anaerobic- doesnt require oxygen
what types of organisms do anaerobic respiration
bacteria
what is the byproduct of lactic acid fermentation
2 atp and 2 lactic acid
what is the byproduct of alcoholic fermentation
carbon dioxide, 2 atp, ethanol
is cellular respiration or fermentation more efficient
cellular respiration because it releases more energy from glucose than fermintation
why is a pyramid used to represent the energy and biomass
to show energy transfered
how does energy flow through each level of an energy pyramid
90% is converted to heat, 10% is transferred
how do autotrophs acquire energy
from sunlight or hetreotrophs
what are the 4 types of heterophs what do they consume?
- herbivores- only plants
- carnivores- only meat
- omnivores- both meat and plant
- dertiovores- dead or decaying
