Unit 2 Test: Cells Study Guide

Question 1

What are the three principles of the Cell Theory?

Answer 1

cells are the basic unit of life, all living things are made up of cells, and all cells come from other cells.

Question 2

What organelles are found in prokaryotic cells?

Answer 2

cytoplasm, ribosomes, cell membrane and cell wall

Question 3

What are the four things prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have in common?

Answer 3

cells have a plasma membrane, ribosomes, cytoplasm, and DNA

Question 4

What organelles are found only in plant cells?

Answer 4

chloroplast, cell wall and a vacuole.

Question 5

What organelles are found only in animal cells?

Answer 5

Centrosomes and lysosomes

Question 6

How is the cell membrane related to homeostasis?

Answer 6

the cell membrane only allows certain things into and out of the cell, allowing the cell to maintain stable conditions that are different from the environment.

Question 7

What are the parts of the cell membrane?

Answer 7

phospholipids, proteins, carbohydrates, and other lipids such as cholesterol.

Question 8

What are the two main types of transport?

Answer 8

passive and active transport.

Question 9

What types of molecules can easily pass through the membrane?

Answer 9

Small nonpolar molecules, such as O2 and CO2

Question 10

What are the types of passive transport?

Answer 10

Simple Diffusion osmosis Facilitated Diffusion

Question 11

Does passive transport move up or down the concentration gradient?

Answer 11

down

Question 12

What are the types of active transport?

Answer 12

ion pumps, exocytosis and endocytosis.

Question 13

Does active transport move up or down the concentration gradient?

Answer 13

up

Question 14

What type of transport requires the use of energy?

Answer 14

Active transport

Question 15

What type of solution is an isotonic solution? How does it affect the cell?

Answer 15

where the concentration of solutes (like salt or sugar) is the same inside and outside of a cell.
- there is no movement

Question 16

What type of solution is a hypertonic solution? How does it affect the cell?

Answer 16

has a higher solute concentration compared to the intracellular solute concentration.

Question 17

What type of solution is a hypotonic solution? How does it affect the cell?

Answer 17

has a lower solute concentration compared to the intracellular solute concentration. When a red blood cell is placed in a hypotonic solution, there will be a net movement of free water into the cell.

Question 18

What are the parts of Interphase and what occurs in each step?

Answer 18

G1 phase (cell growth), followed by S phase (DNA synthesis), followed by G2 phase (cell growth

Question 19

What are the functions of the cell cycle?

Answer 19

duplicate accurately the vast amount of DNA in the chromosomes and then segregate the copies precisely into two genetically identical daughter cells.

Question 20

What is the name of asexual reproduction in bacteria?

Answer 20

binary fission

Question 21

What is mitosis?

Answer 21

a type of cell division that results in two daughter cells each having the same number and kind of chromosomes as the parent nucleus, typical of ordinary tissue growth.

Question 22

What are the stages of mitosis in order?

Answer 22

prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.

Question 23

What is the difference between cytokinesis in plants and animals?

Answer 23

Cytokinesis in plants and animals is different from each other due to the presence of cell walls in plant cells.

Question 24

Throughout the cell’s cycle, there are built in ______ that are designed to be a check and balance system for the cell. What do these checkpoints look for?

Answer 24

• checkpoints

Question 25

Programmed cell death is known as

Answer 25

apoptosis

Question 26

What is cancer?

Answer 26

disease in which some of the body’s cells grow uncontrollably and spread to other parts of the body.

Question 27

Cancer cells form disorganized clumps called

Answer 27

tumors

Question 28

What is a carcinogen?

Answer 28

changes your DNA, it triggers a chain reaction that turns normal cells into cancerous cells

Question 29

What is a stem cell?

Answer 29

cells with the potential to develop into many different types of cells in the body

Question 30

What is cell differentiation?

Answer 30

during which young, immature (unspecialized) cells take on individual characteristics and reach their mature (specialized) form and function.

Question 31

What are some real-world applications of stem cells?

Answer 31

Tissue regeneration