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Biology 1 > Macromolecules > Flashcards

Macromolecules Flashcards

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1
Q

is what you eat important and why?

A

yes, diffrent foods do diffrent things

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2
Q

what is a macromolecule

A

its a large molecule that are critiacally important to all living things.
- they are made of smaller units called monomers

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3
Q

what is a monomer

A

one unit of macromolecules
- they form toghther to make polymers

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4
Q

what is a polymer

A

strand of many monomers
- like the whole necklace is a polymer and the monomers are the “beads”

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4
Q

what is the process of breaking down polymers

A

hydrolysis

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5
Q

what are the 4 types of macromolecules

A
  • carbohydrates
    -lipids
    -proteins
  • nutrilic acid
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5
Q

what is the process called when monomers join toghther

A

dehydration

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6
Q

what are the elements of carbohydrates

A

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen
- C,H,O

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7
Q

what is the monomer of carbohydrates

A

Monosaccharide
one-sugar

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8
Q

what is the function of carbohydrates

A

energy source and cell structure
ex. sugar, starch, fiber

  • most carbohydrates end in “ose”
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9
Q

what are the carbohydrates types

A

carbohydrates differ by how many molecules they have:
-monosaccharides: 1 surgar
ex. glucose
-Disaccaride: 2 sugars
ex. sucrose
- Polysaccharides: many sugars
ex. starch, glycon, cellulose, chitin

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10
Q

what are the elements of lipids

A

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

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11
Q

what are the functions of lipids

A

long term energy storage, cell membranes, body insulations, cushion the organs

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12
Q

what are the types of lipids

A

Triglycerides, phospholids, steroids

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13
Q

what are the two regions of lipids

A

glycerol and fatty acids

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14
Q

what are examples of lipids

A

fats, oils, waxes on animals, steroids - hormones
- they are hydrophobic they like resist water

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15
Q

what is a trylyceride- 1 gylercol, 3 fatty acids

A

fats

16
Q

what are the functions of fats

A

energy storage ( more storage than carbs)
- they can be saturated or unsaterated

17
Q

is a saturated fat solid or liquid at room temp

A

solid

18
Q

is a unsaturated fat solid or liquid at room temp

A

liquid

19
Q

what do physpholipids do

A

they form membranes of cells
-hydrophilic and hydrophobic

20
Q

what are the elements of proteins

A

carbon hydrogen oxygen and nitrogen

21
Q

what are the monomers of proteins

A

amino acids (there are 20 diffrent ones)

22
Q

what is the funtion of proteins

A

( little bit of everything) enzymes, hormons, form bones and muscles, transports substances

23
Q

what are examples of proteins

A

insulin, collogien, hemoglobin, leratin, malanin
- a lot of proteins end in -in

24
Q

what are the 4 functions of organization for proteins

A

-primary: amino acids
-secondary: twists and folds of aminic acids chain
- tertiary: chain folds into 3-d shape
-quatenary: more than 1 chain held toghther

25
Q

what are nuclic acids elements

A

carbon hydrogen oxygen nitrogen and phrosperous

26
Q

what are the monomers of nucliac acids

A

nucleotids

27
Q

what are the functions of nucleic acids

A

storing and transmitting genetic information and instructs to make proteins

28
Q

what are the two types of nucliec acids

A

dna and rna

29
Q

Glucose is an example of what type of macromolecule?

A

carbohydrates

30
Q

What is the name of the single units that link together to form
macromolecules?

A

monomers

31
Q

Some fats are solid at room
temperature. These fats are
called __________ fats.

A

saturated

32
Q

What are the two types of
macromolecules that consist of the elements carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen?

A

carbohydrates and lipids

33
Q

Cellulose is an important
component for the structure of plant cell walls. What type of molecule is cellulose?

A

carbohydrates

34
Q

Fatty acids and glycerol are the common components of which macromolecule?

A

lipids

35
Q

Which macromolecule has many different functions, including working as enzymes that speed up reactions?

A

proteins

36
Q

Bread, candy, pasta, and fruits
are all foods that have high
amounts of this macromolecule.

A

carbohydratea

37
Q

Which macromolecule contains
essential genetic information for
organisms?

A

nucleic acids

38
Q

What is the term that describes
the polymer of a protein that
gets folded into a 3D shape?

A

polypeptides

39
Q

Which macromolecule will you not find on a nutrition facts label because it is found in all living things?

A

nucleic acids

40
Q

Which type of macromolecule
consists of all hydrophobic molecules?

A

lipids

Biology 1 (10 decks)

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