cell cycle and cell transport Flashcards
two halves of chromosome that have the same gentic information
sister chromatids
during this phase of mitosis, the nuclear membrane dissolves
prophase
end result of mitosis
2 identical daughter cells
growth phase of the cell in which it spends 90% of its life
interphase
physical process that finally splits the cytoplasm of the parent cell into two identical daughter cells
cytokinesis
if this cell is in anaphase, how many chromosomes did the initial parent have
four
during this phase of mitosis, cytokinesis begins
telophase
type of cell division that results in two daughter cells each having the same number and kind of chromosomes as the parent nucleous, typical of ordinary tissue growth
mitosis
points in the eukaryotic cell cycle when the cells are stopped until they are in right conditions
checkpoints
if a cell orignally contains 10 chromosomes, how many chromosomes should it have during telephase
20
area of a plant cell in which the cytoplasm pinches in during telophase and cytokinesis
cell plate
second part of interphase in which cell undergoes dna replication and doubles the number of chromosomes
s- phase
reason for cell division in multicellular organsims
growth and repair
process in which a cell changes from the one cell type to another usually, the cell changes to a more specialized type
cell diffrentiation
An abnormal mass of tissue that forms when cells grow and divide more than they should or do not die when they should
tumor
what is the function of a cell membrane
regulate what enters and exits cell to maintain homeostasis
cell membrane is a p_____ b_____ that is S____
Phospolipid bilayer and semipermible
what does semipermeable
mean that it allows some substances to pass through membrane but not others
what are the two types of cell transport
passive transport and active transport
what are the types of passive transport
- simple diffusion
- facilated diffusion
- osmoisis
what are the types of active transport
-bulk transport ( endocytosis + exocytosis)
- protein pump
number of molecules of a substance in a gain area
concentration
what is a concentration gradient
diffrence in concentration from 1 area to another
what is diffusion mean
movement of molecules from a high to a low concentration
what is simple diffusion
types of molecules that diffuse through membrane
- small
- hydrophobic
- no charge
what is facilited diffusion
movement of molecules from higher to a lower concentration using protein
what is osmosis
diffusion of water across a semipermiable membrane
- water can move directly through membrane or go through proteins called aquaporins
describe isotonic
when the solute is the same as the inside + outside
- cell stays the same
describe hypotonic
concentration of solute on outside of the cell is LOWER than the concentration of the soulte con. inside cell
describe hypertonic
concentration of solute on the outside of the cell is HIGHER than concentration of solute inside cell
what are the 3 phases of the cell cycle
interphase mitosis and cytokenisis
what does interphase do
cell growth or duplication
what are the phases of interphase and what do they do
Gap 1- carry out funcitions, grow and make proteins
S-phase - Dna repliction
Gap 2- more growth, protein sysntheisis, prepares for division
generally, what does mitosis do
divides the nucleous
generally, what does cytokenisis do
divides cytoplasm
what are centrosomere
connects two sister chromotides
what does anaphase do
centrosome starts pulling on spindle fibers to pull sister chromotides apart
what does metaphase do
sister chromatides move towards middle of cell line called metaphase plate
