UNIT 3: EARLY DEVELOPMENTS IN THE STUDY OF PERSONALITY Flashcards
first attempt to integrate body and mental functions
HUMORAL PSYCHOLOGY
oldest characterological theory
HUMORAL PSYCHOLOGY
PERSONALITIES ACCDG TO HIPPOCRATES:
Belle is cranky, passionate, and bold. What type of personality does she manifest?
CHOLERIC
PERSONALITIES ACCDG TO HIPPOCRATES:
Belle is unhappy, gloomy, and dejected. What type of personality does she manifest?
MELANCHOLIC
PERSONALITIES ACCDG TO HIPPOCRATES:
Belle is cheerful, naïve, and optimistic. What type of personality does she manifest?
SANGUINE
PERSONALITIES ACCDG TO HIPPOCRATES:
Belle is cold, uncommunicative, and indifferent. What type of personality does she manifest?
PHLEGMATIC
PERSONALITIES ACCDG TO HIPPOCRATES:
enumerate the four temperaments and their basic humor, season, and physical element they correspond to
CHOLERIC - YELLOW BILE - SUMMER - FIRE
MELANCHOLIC - BLACK BILE - AUTUMN - EARTH
SANGUINE - BLOOD - SPRING - AIR
PHLEGMATIC - PHLEGM - WINTER - WATER
he suggested that both diseases and personality differences could be explained by imbalances in the humors and that each person exhibits one of the four temperaments
CLAUDIUS GALEN
a minor literary from originating in Athens
CHARACTER WRITING
originator of Literary Characterology
THEOPHRASTUS
attempt to read personality from facial features and expression
PHYSIOGNOMY
oldest treatise about physiognomy
ARISTOTELIAN PHYSIOGNOMONICA
ARISTOTELIAN PHYSIOGNOMONICA METHODS:
when the form of a man is reminiscent of that a particular animal, he must be endowed with some of the same psychic qualities
RESEMBLANCE IN APPEARANCE BETWEEN MAN & ANIMALS
ARISTOTELIAN PHYSIOGNOMONICA METHODS:
associated with skin color
RACIAL TYPOLOGY
ARISTOTELIAN PHYSIOGNOMONICA METHODS:
endengared by emotion
FACIAL EXPRESSIONS
German psychiatrist known for developing a classification system (body types) that can be seen as one of the earliest exponents of a constitutional approach
ERNST KRETSCHMER
K’S BODY BUILDS/TYPES:
Belle is stocky and fat. She has rounded chest and shoulders, large trunks, short hands, legs, and feet.
PYKNIC
K’S BODY BUILDS/TYPES:
Belle is muscular and large-boned. She has well-developed bones and muscles.
ATHLETIC
K’S BODY BUILDS/TYPES:
Belle is thin. She has a small body volume, elongated face, narrow chest, hands, legs, and feet.
ASTHENIC OR LEPTOSOMIC
K’S BODY BUILDS/TYPES:
Belle present an incompatible mixture of types.
DYSPLASTIC
K’S BASIC CONTENTIONS:
Belle alternately manifests excitement and depression.
CYCLOID
K’S BASIC CONTENTIONS:
Belle manifests extreme intraversion and lack of interest in one’s surroundings.
SCHIZOID
K’S BODY TYPE & MENTAL DISORDER:
manic-depressive
PYKNIC
K’S BODY TYPE & MENTAL DISORDER:
epileptic; may or may not become schizophrenic
ATHLETIC OR DYSPLASTIC
K’S BODY TYPE & MENTAL DISORDER:
schizophrenic
LEPTOSOME
K’S NORMAL BIO TYPES:
Bell has a round and short physique. She tends to be cheerful but sometimes moody, predominantly extroverted, realistic, objective, social, friendly, lively and practical.
CYCLOTHYME
K’S NORMAL BIO TYPES:
Bell has a slender physique. She tends to be introverted, formal, idealistic and romantic as well as quiet, reserved, more solitary, timid, and shut in.
SCHIZOTHYME
study of the structure of the skull to determine a person’s character and mental capacity
PHRENOLOGY
a German physician who proposed that the distances between bumps on the skull reveal a person’s personality traits, character, and mental abilities.
FRANZ JOSEPH GALL
study of cranial hills and valleys
CRANIOSCOPY
he associated body types with human temperament types, claiming that a body type could be linked with the personality of that person
WILLIAM HERBERT SHELDON
S’ BASIC COMPONENTS OF PHYSIQUE:
centered on the abdomen & whole digestive system
ENDOMORPHIC/ENDOMORPHY
S’ TEMPERAMENT STYLES:
Belle loves to relax, comfort, food, and people.
ENDOTONIA/VISCEROTONIA
S’ BASIC COMPONENTS OF PHYSIQUE:
focused on the muscles & circulatory system
MESOMORPHIC/MESOMORPHY
S’ BASIC COMPONENTS OF PHYSIQUE:
related to the brain & nervous system
ECTOMORPHIC/ECTOMORPHY
S’ BASIC COMPONENTS OF PHYSIQUE:
Santa Claus, Ursula, Russell (Up), Mrs. Puff, Mermaid Man, Po (Kung Fu Panda)
EXTREME ENDOMORPH
S’ BASIC COMPONENTS OF PHYSIQUE:
Tarzan, the Rock, Maui (Moana), Johnny Bravo, Gaston, Li Shang (Mulan), Luisa Madrigal, Hulk
EXTREME MESOMOPRH
S’ BASIC COMPONENTS OF PHYSIQUE:
Ichabod Crane, Anton Ego (Ratatouille), Slenderman
EXTREME ECTOMORPH
S’ TEMPERAMENT STYLES:
Belle is friendly. She shows a splendid ability to eat, digest and socialize. She is also relaxed & slow-moving. Belle is biologically introverted and psychologically extroverted.
EXTREME ENDOTONIC
S’ TEMPERAMENT STYLES:
Belle is physically assertive and has love for action.
MESOTONIA/SOMATOTONIA
S’ TEMPERAMENT STYLES:
Belle is always ready for action. She has a natural good posture, and has no hesitation in approaching people & making known her wants and desires.
EXTREME MESOTONIC
S’ TEMPERAMENT STYLES:
Belle is a private person. She restrain herself and have a highly developed self-awareness.
ECTOTONIA/CEREBROTONIA
S’ TEMPERAMENT STYLES:
Belle is biologically extroverted. She suffers from quick onset of hunger & quick satiation. Belle needs shelter from excessive stimulation & time to sort out information she received & connect with her subjective experiences.
EXTREME ECTOTONIC
