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TOP Prelims > UNIT 1: INTRO TO PERSONALITY > Flashcards

UNIT 1: INTRO TO PERSONALITY Flashcards

1
Q

one of your most important assets

A

PERSONALITY

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2
Q

this term is originally denoting the theatrical mask used in
Greek drama and adopted about 100 years BC by Roman
players.

A

PERSONA

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3
Q

Latin phrase that is favored by most authorities

A

PERSONARE

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4
Q

one of the most familiar yet most difficult to understand in psychology

A

PERSONALITY

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5
Q

Latin phrase meaning “to sound through”

A

PERSONARE

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6
Q

MEANINGS:
this is how you present yourself to the world

A

EXTERNAL (false, mask-like)

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7
Q

MEANINGS:
this is the inner quality that makes the person unique

A

INTERNAL (true self)

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8
Q

Personality means that which is a_____, n___________, f____, as well as that which is v____, i_____, and e________

A

ASSUMED, NON-ESSENTIAL, FALSE, VITAL, INWARD, ESSENTIAL

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9
Q

Allport defined personality as?

A

“WHAT A MAN REALLY IS”

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10
Q

who’s definition of personality is “a dynamic organization within an individual of the psychophysical system that determines his or her characteristic behaviors and thoughts” ?

A

GORDON ALLPORT

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11
Q

ALLPORT’S DEFINITION:
personality is constantly evolving and changing

A

DYNAMIC ORGANIZATION

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12
Q

ALLPORT’S DEFINITION:
personality is neither exclusively mental nor exclusively neural.
entails the operation of both body and mind

A

PSYCHOPHYSICAL

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13
Q

ALLPORT’S DEFINITION:
personality is what lies behind specific acts.
within the individual

A

DETERMINE

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14
Q

ALLPORT’S DEFINITION:
unique adjustments to the environment

A

CHARACTERISTIC BEHAVIORS AND THOUGHTS

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15
Q

OTHER DEFINITION:
external stimulus value of the person as he or she presents him or herself to the world.
Belle presents herself to her classmates as a funny and joyful person.

A

MASK DEFINITIONS

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16
Q

OTHER DEFINITION:
personality is connected to some essential inner entity or quality that makes us uniquely human.
Belle has does not get mad despite all the frustrating things that had happened this day.

A

SUBSTANCE OR ESSENCE DEFINITIONS

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17
Q

OTHER DEFINITION:
summing up all that there is to know about our past, present, and future as a person
Belle graduated valedictorian during her senior high, and is now a college student studying psychology. After she graduates, she will take the boards and be a psychologist.

A

OMNIBUS DEFINITIONS

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18
Q

OTHER DEFINITION:
we are all so unique that personality “science” will never be able to acquire a universally applicable theory allowing us to understand all people.

A

HOLISTIC DEFINITIONS

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19
Q

OTHER DEFINITION:
assess personality according to a list of personality characteristics most often expressed as adjectives and as opposing pairs spread across continua
Belle noticed that she is an introvert because she is shy and quiet.

A

TRAIT THEORIES

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20
Q

personality researchers often refer to these as individual differences.

A

CONSISTENT PATTERNS OF BEHAVIOR

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21
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:
personality is not consistent

A

FALSE - not consistent - consistent

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22
Q

include all the emotional, motivational, and cognitive processes that go on inside of us that affect how we act and feel.

A

INTRAPERSONAL PROCESSES

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23
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:
behavior is solely a function of the situation

A

FALSE - solely - not solely
we may experience the same emotion but we have different ways how to express or deal with it

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24
Q

VIEWS:
each person has a unique psychological structure and that some traits are possessed by only one person

A

IDIOGRAPHIC VIEW

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25
VIEWS: it is impossible to compare one person with others
IDIOGRAPHIC VIEW
26
VIEWS: comparability among individuals
NOMOTHETIC VIEW
27
VIEWS: sees traits as having the same psychological meaning in everyone
NOMOTHETIC VIEW
28
VIEWS: self-report personality questions, factor analysis
NOMOTHETIC VIEW
29
VIEWS: case studies, self-reports
IDIOGRPAHIC VIEW
30
TRUE OR FALSE: personality is a pattern of relatively temporary traits and unique characteristics that give both consistency and individuality to a person’s behavior
FALSE - temporary - permanent
31
refers to the moral or ethical aspect of personality especially considered from the standpoint of specific moral and ethical standards
CHARACTER
32
general emotional nature of a person as determined principally by his inheritance, and to a much lesser extent, his life history.
TEMPERAMENT
33
a set of related assumptions that allows scientists to formulate testable hypotheses
THEORY
34
organized system of beliefs that helps us to understand human nature.
THEORY OF PERSONALITY
35
CRITERIA OF THEORY: Belle's theory has the ability to stimulate and guide further research.
DOES THE THEORY GENERATE RESEARCH
36
CRITERIA OF THEORY: How can Belle's theory be falsifiable? a. her theory must be vague and nebulous b. her theory must be precise enough to suggest research that may either support or fail to support its major tenets
B.
37
CRITERIA OF THEORY: Whose theory can organize and explain knowledge? a. Belle's theory is capable of integrating what is currently known about human behavior and personality development. b. Anna's theory has the ability to stimulate and guide further research. c. Cindy's theory is able to shape many bits of information into a meaningful arrangement. d. Elsa's theory is isolated and meaningless.
A & C
38
CRITERIA OF THEORY: ability to guide the practitioner over the rough course of day-to-day problems
SUGGEST PRACTICAL SOLUTIONS TO EVERDAY PROBLEMS
39
TRUE OR FALSE: a useful theory need to be consistent with other theories, and must not be consistent with itself.
FALSE - need - not; must not - must
40
CRITERIA OF THEORY: Who's theory is internally consistent? a. Belle's theory uses language in an inconsistent manner. b. Cindy's theory use the same term to mean two different things, and use two separate terms to refer to the same concept. c. Anna's theory have components that are logically compatible. d. In Elsa's theory, its limitations of scope are carefully defined and does not offer explanations that lie beyond that scope.
C & D
41
TRUE OR FALSE: the law of parsimony dictates that between two theories, the complex one is preferred.
FALSE - complex - simpler
42
TRUE OR FALSE: in building a theory of personality, psychologists should begin on a limited scale and should sweep generalizations that attempt to explain all of human behavior.
FALSE - should sweep - avoid sweeping
43
Latin phrase that means act of viewing, contemplating, thinking
THEORIA
44
THEORY AND ITS RELATIVES: love of wisdom, if-then statements
PHILOSOPHY
45
THEORY AND ITS RELATIVES: tool used by scientists in their pursuit of knowledge.
EPISTEMOLOGY
46
THEORY AND ITS RELATIVES: ideas/guesses about something, closely connected to empirically gathered data and to science
SPECULATION
47
THEORY AND ITS RELATIVES: cornerstone to theory building
SPECULATION & EMPERICAL OBSERVATIONS
48
THEORY AND ITS RELATIVES: educated guess or prediction enough for its validity to be tested through the use of scientific method
HYPOTHESIS
49
THEORY AND ITS RELATIVES: what kind of theory is capable of generating many hypotheses?
GOOD THEORY
50
THEORY AND ITS RELATIVES: classification of things according to their natural relationships
TAXONOMY
51
hypotheses has to be tested in order to make is worthy
TESTABLE HYPOTHESES
52
components of a theory are not proven facts. However, they are accepted as if they were true.
SET OF ASSUMPTIONS
53
tenets of a theory must be stated in sufficient precision and logical consistency to allow scientists to deduce clearly stated hypotheses
LOGICAL DEDUCTIVE REASONING
54
CRITERA OF THEORY: ability to be confirmed or disconfirmed
FALSIFIABLE
55
SIX PERSPECTIVES OF HUMANITY: dimension that is more philosophical than scientific
DETERMINISM VS FREE CHOICE
56
CRITERA OF THEORY: meaningful arrangements
ORGANIZES DATA
57
SIX PERSPECTIVES OF HUMANITY: Belle is torn between thinking that she will live miserable forever or her life can change into a happy one.
PESSIMISM VS OPTIMISM
58
SIX PERSPECTIVES OF HUMANITY: Belle does not ride a bike because of her past experience, while Cindy is saving up money for new shoes.
CAUSALITY VS TELEOLOGY
59
SIX PERSPECTIVES OF HUMANITY: Belle is aware that what she's doing is wrong, while Cindy's tongue slipped.
CONSCIOUS VS UNCONSCIOUS DETERMINANTS
60
SIX PERSPECTIVES OF HUMANITY: Belle is funny because her dad is, while Cindy is funny because her classmates have great sense of humor.
BIOLOGICAL VS SOCIAL FACTORS
61
SIX PERSPECTIVES OF HUMANITY: Belle can reach her nose using her tongue, while Cindy can bend her arms.
UNIQUENESS VS SIMILARITIES IN PEOPLE
61
SIX PERSPECTIVES OF HUMANITY: Belle can reach her nose using her tongue, while Cindy can bend her arms.
UNIQUENESS VS SIMILARITIES IN PEOPLE
61
SIX PERSPECTIVES OF HUMANITY: Belle can reach her nose using her tongue, while Cindy can bend her arms.
UNIQUENESS VS SIMILARITIES IN PEOPLE

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