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TOP Prelims > UNIT 1: INTRO TO PERSONALITY > Flashcards

UNIT 1: INTRO TO PERSONALITY Flashcards

1
Q

one of your most important assets

A

PERSONALITY

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2
Q

this term is originally denoting the theatrical mask used in
Greek drama and adopted about 100 years BC by Roman
players.

A

PERSONA

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3
Q

Latin phrase that is favored by most authorities

A

PERSONARE

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4
Q

one of the most familiar yet most difficult to understand in psychology

A

PERSONALITY

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5
Q

Latin phrase meaning “to sound through”

A

PERSONARE

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6
Q

MEANINGS:
this is how you present yourself to the world

A

EXTERNAL (false, mask-like)

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7
Q

MEANINGS:
this is the inner quality that makes the person unique

A

INTERNAL (true self)

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8
Q

Personality means that which is a_____, n___________, f____, as well as that which is v____, i_____, and e________

A

ASSUMED, NON-ESSENTIAL, FALSE, VITAL, INWARD, ESSENTIAL

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9
Q

Allport defined personality as?

A

“WHAT A MAN REALLY IS”

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10
Q

who’s definition of personality is “a dynamic organization within an individual of the psychophysical system that determines his or her characteristic behaviors and thoughts” ?

A

GORDON ALLPORT

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11
Q

ALLPORT’S DEFINITION:
personality is constantly evolving and changing

A

DYNAMIC ORGANIZATION

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12
Q

ALLPORT’S DEFINITION:
personality is neither exclusively mental nor exclusively neural.
entails the operation of both body and mind

A

PSYCHOPHYSICAL

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13
Q

ALLPORT’S DEFINITION:
personality is what lies behind specific acts.
within the individual

A

DETERMINE

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14
Q

ALLPORT’S DEFINITION:
unique adjustments to the environment

A

CHARACTERISTIC BEHAVIORS AND THOUGHTS

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15
Q

OTHER DEFINITION:
external stimulus value of the person as he or she presents him or herself to the world.
Belle presents herself to her classmates as a funny and joyful person.

A

MASK DEFINITIONS

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16
Q

OTHER DEFINITION:
personality is connected to some essential inner entity or quality that makes us uniquely human.
Belle has does not get mad despite all the frustrating things that had happened this day.

A

SUBSTANCE OR ESSENCE DEFINITIONS

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17
Q

OTHER DEFINITION:
summing up all that there is to know about our past, present, and future as a person
Belle graduated valedictorian during her senior high, and is now a college student studying psychology. After she graduates, she will take the boards and be a psychologist.

A

OMNIBUS DEFINITIONS

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18
Q

OTHER DEFINITION:
we are all so unique that personality “science” will never be able to acquire a universally applicable theory allowing us to understand all people.

A

HOLISTIC DEFINITIONS

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19
Q

OTHER DEFINITION:
assess personality according to a list of personality characteristics most often expressed as adjectives and as opposing pairs spread across continua
Belle noticed that she is an introvert because she is shy and quiet.

A

TRAIT THEORIES

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20
Q

personality researchers often refer to these as individual differences.

A

CONSISTENT PATTERNS OF BEHAVIOR

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21
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:
personality is not consistent

A

FALSE - not consistent - consistent

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22
Q

include all the emotional, motivational, and cognitive processes that go on inside of us that affect how we act and feel.

A

INTRAPERSONAL PROCESSES

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23
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:
behavior is solely a function of the situation

A

FALSE - solely - not solely
we may experience the same emotion but we have different ways how to express or deal with it

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24
Q

VIEWS:
each person has a unique psychological structure and that some traits are possessed by only one person

A

IDIOGRAPHIC VIEW

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25
Q

VIEWS:
it is impossible to compare one person with others

A

IDIOGRAPHIC VIEW

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26
Q

VIEWS:
comparability among individuals

A

NOMOTHETIC VIEW

27
Q

VIEWS:
sees traits as having the same psychological meaning in everyone

A

NOMOTHETIC VIEW

28
Q

VIEWS:
self-report personality questions, factor analysis

A

NOMOTHETIC VIEW

29
Q

VIEWS:
case studies, self-reports

A

IDIOGRPAHIC VIEW

30
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:
personality is a pattern of relatively temporary traits and unique characteristics that give both consistency and individuality to a person’s behavior

A

FALSE - temporary - permanent

31
Q

refers to the moral or ethical aspect of personality especially considered from the standpoint of specific moral and ethical standards

32
Q

general emotional nature of a person as determined principally by his inheritance, and to a much lesser extent, his life history.

A

TEMPERAMENT

33
Q

a set of related assumptions that allows scientists to formulate testable hypotheses

34
Q

organized system of beliefs that helps us to understand human nature.

A

THEORY OF PERSONALITY

35
Q

CRITERIA OF THEORY:
Belle’s theory has the ability to stimulate and guide further research.

A

DOES THE THEORY GENERATE RESEARCH

36
Q

CRITERIA OF THEORY:
How can Belle’s theory be falsifiable?
a. her theory must be vague and nebulous
b. her theory must be precise enough to suggest research that may either support or fail to support its major tenets

37
Q

CRITERIA OF THEORY:
Whose theory can organize and explain knowledge?
a. Belle’s theory is capable of integrating what is currently known about human behavior and personality development.
b. Anna’s theory has the ability to stimulate and guide further research.
c. Cindy’s theory is able to shape many bits of information into a meaningful arrangement.
d. Elsa’s theory is isolated and meaningless.

38
Q

CRITERIA OF THEORY:
ability to guide the practitioner over the rough course of day-to-day problems

A

SUGGEST PRACTICAL SOLUTIONS TO EVERDAY PROBLEMS

39
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:
a useful theory need to be consistent with other theories, and must not be consistent with itself.

A

FALSE - need - not; must not - must

40
Q

CRITERIA OF THEORY:
Who’s theory is internally consistent?
a. Belle’s theory uses language in an inconsistent manner.
b. Cindy’s theory use the same term to mean two different things, and use two separate terms to refer to the same concept.
c. Anna’s theory have components that are logically compatible.
d. In Elsa’s theory, its limitations of scope are carefully defined and does not offer explanations that lie beyond that scope.

41
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:
the law of parsimony dictates that between two theories, the complex one is preferred.

A

FALSE - complex - simpler

42
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:
in building a theory of personality, psychologists should begin on a limited scale and should sweep generalizations that attempt to explain all of human behavior.

A

FALSE - should sweep - avoid sweeping

43
Q

Latin phrase that means act of viewing, contemplating, thinking

44
Q

THEORY AND ITS RELATIVES:
love of wisdom, if-then statements

A

PHILOSOPHY

45
Q

THEORY AND ITS RELATIVES:
tool used by scientists in their pursuit of knowledge.

A

EPISTEMOLOGY

46
Q

THEORY AND ITS RELATIVES:
ideas/guesses about something, closely connected to empirically gathered data and to science

A

SPECULATION

47
Q

THEORY AND ITS RELATIVES:
cornerstone to theory building

A

SPECULATION & EMPERICAL OBSERVATIONS

48
Q

THEORY AND ITS RELATIVES:
educated guess or prediction enough for its validity to be tested through the use of scientific method

A

HYPOTHESIS

49
Q

THEORY AND ITS RELATIVES:
what kind of theory is capable of generating many hypotheses?

A

GOOD THEORY

50
Q

THEORY AND ITS RELATIVES:
classification of things according to their natural relationships

51
Q

hypotheses has to be tested in order to make is worthy

A

TESTABLE HYPOTHESES

52
Q

components of a theory are not proven facts. However, they are accepted as if they were true.

A

SET OF ASSUMPTIONS

53
Q

tenets of a theory must be stated in sufficient precision and logical consistency to allow scientists to deduce clearly stated hypotheses

A

LOGICAL DEDUCTIVE REASONING

54
Q

CRITERA OF THEORY:
ability to be confirmed or disconfirmed

A

FALSIFIABLE

55
Q

SIX PERSPECTIVES OF HUMANITY:
dimension that is more philosophical than scientific

A

DETERMINISM VS FREE CHOICE

56
Q

CRITERA OF THEORY:
meaningful arrangements

A

ORGANIZES DATA

57
Q

SIX PERSPECTIVES OF HUMANITY:
Belle is torn between thinking that she will live miserable forever or her life can change into a happy one.

A

PESSIMISM VS OPTIMISM

58
Q

SIX PERSPECTIVES OF HUMANITY:
Belle does not ride a bike because of her past experience, while Cindy is saving up money for new shoes.

A

CAUSALITY VS TELEOLOGY

59
Q

SIX PERSPECTIVES OF HUMANITY:
Belle is aware that what she’s doing is wrong, while Cindy’s tongue slipped.

A

CONSCIOUS VS UNCONSCIOUS DETERMINANTS

60
Q

SIX PERSPECTIVES OF HUMANITY:
Belle is funny because her dad is, while Cindy is funny because her classmates have great sense of humor.

A

BIOLOGICAL VS SOCIAL FACTORS

61
Q

SIX PERSPECTIVES OF HUMANITY:
Belle can reach her nose using her tongue, while Cindy can bend her arms.

A

UNIQUENESS VS SIMILARITIES IN PEOPLE

61
Q

SIX PERSPECTIVES OF HUMANITY:
Belle can reach her nose using her tongue, while Cindy can bend her arms.

A

UNIQUENESS VS SIMILARITIES IN PEOPLE

61
Q

SIX PERSPECTIVES OF HUMANITY:
Belle can reach her nose using her tongue, while Cindy can bend her arms.

A

UNIQUENESS VS SIMILARITIES IN PEOPLE

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