unit 3 defenitions

Question 1

Liberalism

Answer 1

political beleif of individual freedom and equal rights

Question 2

Laissez-faire politics

Answer 2

economic theory from 18th century strongly opposed to any gov intervention is political affairs
(directly translates to “leave it”)

Question 3

Nationalism

Answer 3

emotional awarenes of cultural ties possesed by ppl

Question 4

Conservatism

Answer 4

political + social attitude beleiving in maintain continuty in society and in making gradual changes with as little dislocation as possible

Question 5

Evolutionary and constitutional

Answer 5

willing to accept change + constitution

Question 6

Counter-Revolutionary and reactionary

Answer 6

upheld traditional authority, resistant to change

Question 7

Utilitarianism

Answer 7

ethical doctrine that morality of an action is solely determined by overall utility (greater good)

Question 8

Edmund Burke

Answer 8

father of conservatism

Question 9

Jeremy Bentham

Answer 9

most influencial utalitarian

Question 10

capitalism

Answer 10

economic theory > control of production should be in the hands of those who invest the capital for production

Question 11

socialism

Answer 11

economic + political system where private property is abolished and means of production are collectively owned

Question 12

communism

Answer 12

socioeconomic structure > that promotes classless, stateless society based on common ownership of means of production

Question 13

Karl Marx

Answer 13

influncial communist, co author of the communist manifesto

Question 14

Communist manifesto

Answer 14

written by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels 
main goals > showcase communism, focus on class stuggle, motivate common people to riot

Question 15

the congress system/ congress of vienna

Answer 15

system of despute resolution created by the main conservative powers in Europe in 1814

Question 16

opium wars

Answer 16

britan importing opium 2 china, causing drug problem in chiana therefore forcing china to ban its imporation > britan declaring war on china

results: britan won

Question 17

free trade

Answer 17

trade policy that does not restrict exports or imports

Question 18

industrial revolution

Answer 18

Britan 1750

Social+economic changes > transition from stable agricultural society to modern complex industrial society

Question 19

multiplier effect

Answer 19

the cycle of consumer demand, investment and innovations that drove the Industrial Revolution

Question 20

nation-state

Answer 20

a sovereign state whose citizens or subjects are relatively homogeneous (the same) in factors such as language or common descent.

Question 21

Franco-Prussian war

Answer 21

France’s attempt to reassert itself as dominant control in continental Europe
North German Confederation (led by Kingdom of Prussia) vs Second French Empire
1870-71

Question 22

Otto von Bismarck

Answer 22

prussian chancellor

used war to his advanatge by unifying some german states into new alliances

Question 23

German Confederation 1815

Answer 23

• brought together 39 states, including the larger and more powerful Prussia and Austria
• purpose was not to unite the states but to keep political structure in small absolutist states

Question 24

pidemont

Answer 24

the only Italian state in Italy ruled by Italians, and with a freely elected parliament.
safe space for Italian liberals

Question 25

Camillo di Cavour

Answer 25

• prime minister of pidemont
• after vsit 2 parlimet > convinced that social change could be implemented better by parliament than by revolution and conspiracy
• took steps to modernize the state

Question 26

imperialism

Answer 26

• Imperialism = policy or ideology of extending the rule over ppls and other countries
• Largest empire = greatest power + wealth

Question 27

empire

Answer 27

a political unit made up of several states + ppls

Question 28

colonialism

Answer 28

the policy or practice of acquiring full or partial political control over another country, occupying it with settlers, and exploiting it economically.

Question 29

new imperialism

Answer 29

after 1870 euro powers began to rely on colonization of formal empires rather than informal

Question 30

scramble for africa

Answer 30

the invasion, occupation, division, and colonization of most of Africa by seven Western European powers during a short period

Question 31

Berlin Conference of 1884-1885

Answer 31

the major European powers negotiated and formalized claims to territory in Africa

Question 32

boer war

Answer 32

> gold + dimonds in south africa = region strategically & economically important
brits vs boers (descendants of dutch settlers in SA)

Question 33

geopolitical

Answer 33

geographic, economic, and demographic influence on state’s foreign policies

Question 34

Cash crops

Answer 34

agricultural products are grown primarily for exporting purposes.

Question 35

Indentured labourers

Answer 35

( may be voluntrary or to pay off debt) essentially slavery (workers under contract without pay)

Question 36

herbert spencer

Answer 36

famous for hypothesis on social darwinism

Question 37

social Darwinism

Answer 37

hypothesis that competition among all individuals, groups, nations or ideas drives social evolution in human societies.