The Enlightenment (with enlightened thinkers) Flashcards
1
Q
Thomas Hobbes
A
- Published Levithan in 1651
- Gov was meant to protect ppl from their own selfishness
- people innately evil
2
Q
John Locke
A
- Believed in Social Contract + Natural Rights
- believed Gov could be overthrown
- this idea inspired American Revolution
3
Q
John Locke (ENGLAND)
A
-Beleived in constitutional monarchs
4
Q
Social Contract
A
- theory/model
- agreement between ppl and Gov
- mutual benifit
5
Q
Natural Rights
A
Basic universal human rights independent of GOV
6
Q
Philosophe
A
a scolar or “thinker”
7
Q
constitutional Monarchy
A
Monarch exercises authority according to written or unwritten constitution
8
Q
constitution
A
a form/collective of principles
9
Q
Montisque
A
- wrote the spirit of law (1748)
- protecting liberty from bad Gov
- separation of powers
- influences US Constitution
10
Q
separation of powers
A
diving different powers among more than one branch of gov (ensure balanced power)
11
Q
Voltaire
A
- wrote candide (1759)
- freedom of thought and expression
- relegious liberty
- met Benjamin Franklin, influenced US bill of rights
12
Q
Cesare Beccaria
A
- concerend with accused persons rights
- fair trial + against torture
- ideas adopted into US bill of rights
13
Q
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
A
- Wrote discorse on the arts and sciences (1750)
- believed in moral reform of society
- had lasting impact on revolutionaries of Franch revolution
14
Q
Maddame Geoffrin
A
- Hosted many salons
- Participated in discussion
15
Q
Olympe De Gouges
A
- wrote French revolution woman version
- Declaration of the Rights of Woman and the Female Citizen, 1791.
16
Q
Mary Wollstonecraft
A
- english writer
- In 1792, she argued that women deserved the same rights and opportunities as men.
- beleived education was crucial
- inspired many women in American women rights movement
17
Q
Enlightened despotism
A
absolute monarchs persued enlightenment ideals
18
Q
Enlightened despot characteristics
A
- legal reforms
- tolerance
- different economic policies
- strengethned crowned by centralizing power
