Unit 3 - Cytology Flashcards
Cytology
the branch of biology concerned with the structure and function of plant and animal cells
Prokaryotic (aka bacteria)
single celled organism that does not have a nucleus
Eukaryotic
A single or multi celled organism that has a nucleus and many different organelles.
Virus
A parasite that doesn’t have a nucleus and requires a host to reproduce
Cell Theory
All living things are composed of cells Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things New cells are produced from existing cells
Organelle
“little organs” structures in cells that have specialized functions
Nucleus
The nucleus contains cell DNA and the instructions for making protein and other molecule
Rough and Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
“highway system” transports protein and the RER makes/assembles proteins
Golgi apparatus
modify, sort, and package proteins
Mitochondria
“powerhouse of the cell” convert chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are easier for the cell to use
Chloroplast
convert energy from sunlight into chemical energy
Cytoskeleton (microfilaments and microtubules)
network of protein filaments that help the cell to maintain its shape and helps support the cell
Microfilaments
threadlike structures that help cells move
Microtubules
hollow structure that help build cilia and flagella (and form centrioles)
Cytoplasm
liquid like part outside the nucleus