Unit 3 - Cytology Flashcards

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1
Q

Cytology

A

the branch of biology concerned with the structure and function of plant and animal cells

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2
Q

Prokaryotic (aka bacteria)

A

single celled organism that does not have a nucleus

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3
Q

Eukaryotic

A

A single or multi celled organism that has a nucleus and many different organelles.

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4
Q

Virus

A

A parasite that doesn’t have a nucleus and requires a host to reproduce

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5
Q

Cell Theory

A

All living things are composed of cells Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things New cells are produced from existing cells

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6
Q

Organelle

A

“little organs” structures in cells that have specialized functions

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7
Q

Nucleus

A

The nucleus contains cell DNA and the instructions for making protein and other molecule

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8
Q

Rough and Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

A

“highway system” transports protein and the RER makes/assembles proteins

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9
Q

Golgi apparatus

A

modify, sort, and package proteins

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10
Q

Mitochondria

A

“powerhouse of the cell” convert chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are easier for the cell to use

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11
Q

Chloroplast

A

convert energy from sunlight into chemical energy

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12
Q

Cytoskeleton (microfilaments and microtubules)

A

network of protein filaments that help the cell to maintain its shape and helps support the cell

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13
Q

Microfilaments

A

threadlike structures that help cells move

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14
Q

Microtubules

A

hollow structure that help build cilia and flagella (and form centrioles)

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15
Q

Cytoplasm

A

liquid like part outside the nucleus

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16
Q

Cell wall

A

lies outside cell membrane and supports cell

17
Q

Fluid mosaic model

A

the plasma membrane of cells

18
Q

Concentration Gradient

A

The direction that the the molecules are moving (high concentration –> low concentration)

19
Q

Diffusion

A

random movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration and continues until equilibrium

20
Q

Osmosis

A

diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane

21
Q

Active transport

A

requires cell to use energy (ATP)

where molecules move against the concentration gradient - from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration

22
Q

Equilibrium

A

a state where the balance is equal

23
Q

Isotonic

A

the concentration of water is equal inside and outside the cell

24
Q

Hypertonic

A

High Solute, Low Water

Cell shrivels

Higher concentrate of water inside cell

25
Q

Hypotonic

A

Low solute, High water

Cell bursts

More water outside the cell than inside

26
Q
A