Unit 3 - Cytology

Question 1

Cytology

Answer 1

the branch of biology concerned with the structure and function of plant and animal cells

Question 2

Prokaryotic (aka bacteria)

Answer 2

single celled organism that does not have a nucleus

Question 3

Eukaryotic

Answer 3

A single or multi celled organism that has a nucleus and many different organelles.

Question 4

Virus

Answer 4

A parasite that doesn’t have a nucleus and requires a host to reproduce

Question 5

Cell Theory

Answer 5

All living things are composed of cells Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things New cells are produced from existing cells

Question 6

Organelle

Answer 6

“little organs” structures in cells that have specialized functions

Question 7

Nucleus

Answer 7

The nucleus contains cell DNA and the instructions for making protein and other molecule

Question 8

Rough and Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 8

“highway system” transports protein and the RER makes/assembles proteins

Question 9

Golgi apparatus

Answer 9

modify, sort, and package proteins

Question 10

Mitochondria

Answer 10

“powerhouse of the cell” convert chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are easier for the cell to use

Question 11

Chloroplast

Answer 11

convert energy from sunlight into chemical energy

Question 12

Cytoskeleton (microfilaments and microtubules)

Answer 12

network of protein filaments that help the cell to maintain its shape and helps support the cell

Question 13

Microfilaments

Answer 13

threadlike structures that help cells move

Question 14

Microtubules

Answer 14

hollow structure that help build cilia and flagella (and form centrioles)

Question 15

Cytoplasm

Answer 15

liquid like part outside the nucleus

Question 16

Cell wall

Answer 16

lies outside cell membrane and supports cell

Question 17

Fluid mosaic model

Answer 17

the plasma membrane of cells

Question 18

Concentration Gradient

Answer 18

The direction that the the molecules are moving (high concentration –> low concentration)

Question 19

Diffusion

Answer 19

random movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration and continues until equilibrium

Question 20

Osmosis

Answer 20

diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane

Question 21

Active transport

Answer 21

requires cell to use energy (ATP)

where molecules move against the concentration gradient - from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration

Question 22

Equilibrium

Answer 22

a state where the balance is equal

Question 23

Isotonic

Answer 23

the concentration of water is equal inside and outside the cell

Question 24

Hypertonic

Answer 24

High Solute, Low Water

Cell shrivels

Higher concentrate of water inside cell

Question 25

Hypotonic

Answer 25

Low solute, High water

Cell bursts

More water outside the cell than inside