Unit 3 Concept 1 - Enzymes and Biochemical Reactions Flashcards
metabolism
all of the chemical reactions within each cell of an organism
chemical reactions
the breaking and forming of bonds between different substances during chemical changes
catabolic
break down larger molecules into simpler compounds
anabolic
build larger molecules from smaller ones
activation energy
amount of energy needed to make a chemical reaction start
reactants
(substrate) substances that are charged during a chemical reaction
products
substances that are made by a chemical reaction
2 types of reactions
endothermic and exothermic
endothermic
absorbs energy (ie. photosynthesis)
exothermic
releases energy (ie. cellular respiration)
formula for photosynthesis
6CO2 + 6H20 yields C6H12O6 + 6O2
formula for cellular respiration
C6H12O6 + 6O2 yields 6CO2 + 6H20
enzymes
mostly proteins that speed up biochemical reactions by lowering the activation energy
catalysts
substances that speed up chemical reactions without being permanently altered
3 parts to a chemical reaction with an enzyme
substrate (reactant), active site, and enzyme
denaturation
enzymes active site gets deformed and loses its specific shape -> loss of biological activity
5 ways to change the rate of a chemical reaction
temperature
pH
substrate concentration
catalysts
competitive inhibitor
how does temperature change the rate of a chemical reaction?
increasing temperature increases rate of reaction
how does pH change the rate of a chemical reaction?
how acidic a solution is
how does substrate concentration change the rate of a chemical reaction?
higher the amount of substrate, the faster the reaction
how does catalysts change the rate of a chemical reaction?
(like enzymes) speed up reactions
how does a competitive inhibitor change the rate of a chemical reaction?
slows down reaction
