Unit 2 Concept 3 - Cell Cycle Flashcards
what happens from an egg to a sperm?
fertilization
what happens from a sperm to an embryo?
sperm and egg transport
cell differentiation
process that creates special structures/functions
embryonic stem cells
cells that have never been differentiated
adult stem cells
cells found in adult bone marrow that are partially differentiated and can become bone, blood, cartilage, fat, and connective tissue
organism
one individual member of a species
organ system
set of organs working together
organ
set of tissues working together
tissue
groups of cells working together
cell
most basic unit of life and has all characteristics of life
2 purposes for cell cycle
growth and repair
cell cycle
repeated pattern of growth, DNA duplication
Interphase (G1, S, G2)
Mitosis (PMAT)
Cytokinesis
interphase
the growth phase of the cell cycle
G1, S, G2
G1
cell grows and makes proteins
S
DNA replication occurs
G2
more cell growth and protein synthesis
chromosome
1 long continuous thread of DNA that consists of thousands of genes and regulatory information (46)
gene
section of DNA that contains the instructions for making proteins
chromatid
one half of a duplicated chromosome
sister chromatids
2 identical chromatids
centromere
region of the condensed chromosomes that looks pinched
telomere
ends of the DNA molecule
mitosis
division phase of the cell cycle, 1 cell becomes 2 identical daughter cells
PMAT
prophase
prepare, chromosomes condense and are visible
metaphase
middle, spindle fibers connect to the centromere of each sister chromatid
anaphase
apart, sister chromatids seperate, pulling away from each other and becoming individual chromosomes
telophase
chromosomes decondense and start to look like chromatin again
cytokinesis
division of the cytoplasm into 2 individual cells
cytokinesis plant cells
cell plate forms midway between divided nuclei and gradually develops into a membrane
cytokinesis animal cells
forms a clearage furrow that pinches the cell into 2 equal parts
end result of cytokinesis
2 identical body cells
how often do cells divide?
every cell divides at a different rate
why do body cells divide?
growth and repair
