Unit 3 - Cellular Energetics Flashcards
Metabolism
the totality of chemical reactions in an organism (ex. cellular respiration, glycolysis, krebs cycle, electron transport chain)
Metabolic Pathways
- different reactions that follow a specific order
- the product of one reaction is the substrate of the next
ex. ADP -> ATP (you need ADP to make ATP P);
glycolysis
What are the 2 types of metabolic Pathways?
- anabolic pathways
- catabolic pathways
Anabolic Pathways
- building pathways (They take small, simple molecules and build them up into bigger, complex molecules)
- CO2 -> C6H12O6
- ADP -> ATP
Catabolic Pathways
- breaking down (They take big molecules and break them into smaller ones, releasing energy along the way.)
- ATP - ADP
- releasing energy
what are the kind of reactions?
endergonic and exergonic
Endergonic
- reactions that use potential energy (abosorbed)
- products have more potential energy than the reactants
- building reactions
In exergonic reactions is the reaction spontaneous or not spontaneous
spontaneous ( negative delta g)
Exergonic
- reactions that are going to release energy
- products have less potential energy then the reactants
In endergonic reactions is the reaction spontaneous or not spontaneous?
not spontaneous (positive delta g)
In exergonic reactions is the reaction spontaneous or not spontaneous?
spontaneous
Hydrolysis of ATP
an exergonic reaction. This means that when ATP loses a phosphate (becoming ADP or adenosine diphosphate), it releases energy that the cell can then use for other processes (ATP -> ADP)
Phosphorylation
Happens in an endergonic reactions; released phosphate group is added to another molecule. This process “energizes” the other molecule, allowing it to carry out reactions it otherwise couldn’t. (ADP -> ATP)
Energy Coupling
how cells use energy from exergonic reactions (like ATP hydrolysis) to drive endergonic reactions (which need an energy input to proceed). Essentially, the energy released from one reaction is directly used to power another
ATP
ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) is a molecule that stores energy for cells. It has three phosphate groups, which are negatively charged and want to repel each other. When a cell needs energy, it removes one of these phosphate groups, a process called hydrolysis (ADP)
