Unit 3 : Cells Flashcards
biomolecules, structure/functions, transport
Biomolecule
Essential molecules - carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acid, lipids
Carbohydrate
Fast source of energy
Monosaccharide
CHO
Glucose + ATP, Pasta
Lipid
Long-term energy
Fatty acid
CHO
Butter
Protein
Multi-purpose : muscle, enzymes, hormones
Amino acid
CHON
Chicken
Nucleic acid
Genetic info - DNA & RNA
Nucleotide
CHONP
Everything
Monomer
Single unit of molecule
Polymer
Multiple monomers
Organelle
Compartments inside cell with specialized functions
Lysosome
Breaks down material - organelle
Chloroplast
Responsible for photosynthesis only found in plants - organelle
Cell membrane
Controls what goes in and out of the cell - organelle
Hypertonic
Hyper (H2O) out
Outer has a high concentration & shrinks
Hypotonic
Hypo (H2O) in
Low concentration outside & swells
Isotonic
Same concentration both out and in
Active transport
Uses energy
Passive transport
Doesn’t use energy
Diffusion
Particle moving from a high to low concentration
Facilitated diffusion
Diffusion through a protein pump
Osmosis
Movement of water from a high to low concentration - passive
Exocytosis
Throws particle out of cell - active
Endocytosis
Moves particles into cell - active
Sodium-Potassium Pump
Pump - active
Sodium-OUT Potassium-IN
Uses electrochemical gradient
Eukaryote
Has a nucleus / animals, plants
Prokaryote
Single cell with no nucleus / bacteria
