Unit 3 AOS 2 Flashcards
PART 1
List the dietary risks
- underconsumption of vegetables, fruit and dairy
- high intake of fat, salt and sugar
- low intake of fibre and iron
describe how underconsumption of fruit and veg can impact hs and hwb (2 main examples & link each to both HWB and HS)
- reduced fibre intake decreasing satiety & increasing hunger & potential overeating -> overweight, obesity, high BMI (physical HWB) increased prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular cancer, stroke & heart attack -> increasing DALYs
- reduced bulk and softness of faeces, irregular & difficult bowel movements, buildup of toxins in intestines -> increased incidence of constipation, haemorroids, colorectal cancer (physical HWB)
- reduced intake of essential vitamins lowering immunity
describe how underconsumption of dairy can impact hs and hwb (2 main examples & link each to both HWB and HS)
- reduced calcium & phosphorous -> poor bone density & strength, increased risk of bone fractures -> increased risk of osteoporosis, increasing YLD & affecting physical HWB
- reduced health & strength of teeth -> increased dental caries
describe how high intake of fat can impact hs and hwb (4 main examples & link each to both HWB and HS)
- increased body weight due to excess fat stored as adipose tissue ->overweight, obesity, cardiovascular cancer,
- high cholesterol levels due to consumption of LDL cholesterol -> atherosclerosis, hypertension, stroke
- impaired glucose regulation -> type 2 diabetes mellitus
- abnormal and uncontrollable growth of cells -> colorectal cancer
describe how high intake of salt can impact hs and hwb (2 main examples & link each to both HWB and HS)
- excretion of calcium in the urine -> osteoporosis, reduced bone density & strength
- excess fluid withdrawn from body cells -> increased blood volume, high blood pressure, hypertension, stroke, heart attack, cardiovascular disease
describe how high intake of salt can impact hs and hwb (3main examples & link each to both HWB and HS)
- excess kj stored as fat/adipose tissue -> increased BMI, overweight, obesity, stroke, heart attack, cardiovascular disease
- impaired glucose regulation -> type 2 diabetes mellitus
- sugar digested by mouth bacteria releases an acid that dissolves tooth enamel -> dental caries, tooth decay
describe how low intake of fibre can impact hs and hwb (3 main examples & link each to both HWB and HS)
- reduced feeling of satiety & increased hunger and overeating -> high BMI, overweight, obesity, cardiovascular disease, stroke, heart attack
- difficult & irregular bowel movement -> colorectal cancer, constipation, haemorrhoids
- decreased absorption of LDL cholesterol -> high cholesterol, atherosclerosis, hypertension, cardiovascular disease
describe how low intake of iron can impact hs and hwb (1main examples & link each to both HWB and HS)
reduced oxygen supply in blood -> anaemia, iron deficiency
list the 5 ADGs
- Achieve and maintain a healthy weight
- Eat a wide variety of nutritious foods
- Limit intake of saturated fats, added salt, added sugar and alcohol
- Promote breastfeeding
- Care for food
What are the aims of the ADGS?
- promote HWB
- reduce risk of diet-related conditions e.g. high cholesterol, high blood pressure and obesity
- reduce risk of chronic diseases e.g. type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and some cancer types
What is the rationale of the ADGs?
information compiled by a group of qualified professionals for all those involved in the food & health industry, food retailers, teachers & general public to encourage healthy eating & food choices to prevent diet-related conditions such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol and diabetes and chronic diseases, such as chronic cancers, only for the healthy population, those without specific health & dietary conditions
describe the government’s role in promoting Australia’s HS through the ADGs
- create the ADG’s which help influence and inform healthy eating habits and lifestyles
- including the ADG into the education system, media & other sources to spread awareness of it
Identify the challenges to people following the ADGs/dietary change (3 categories & list 3 challenges under each category)
Sociocultural
- income
- culture
- family & peers
- attitudes and beliefs
- education
- media
Environmental
- food availability
- food security
- weather/climate
- cooking facilities
Biological
- age
- sex
- stress levels
Personal
- taste preferences
- current meal patterns/habits
- values
- self-control and will power
- knowledge and skills
- time constraints
What is Nutrition Australia?
key non-government organisation in the public health nutrition sector aiming to promote HWB of all australians
List strengths of the ADGs
- available to the public for free
- updated news, aligned with newest health information
- encourages individuals to eat a wide variety of foods without being restrictive
list the limitations of the ADGs
- limited internet connection can affect accessibility
- those who don’t speak english will be unable to understand, limiting audience
- lack of visual info
- doesn’t cater for those with individual needs such as dietary needs
List the challenges involved in addressing influences affecting promotion of dietary change
- involvement of all stakeholders
- tailored approach instead of a ‘one-size-fits-all’ approach
- helping the unmotivated
- focusing on the environment
- affordability of interventions
- targeting change in children’s dietary intake
List examples of work done by Nutrition Australia
- Healthy Eating Pyramid
- recipes & fact sheets
- national nutrition week
- workshops and programs
- product & menu assessments
- resources
List reasons why Indigenous HWB is targeted by health promo programs
- tend to suffer poorer health
- lower LE
- more injuries
- inequality between HS of australians and indigenous
- poorer diets
- higher smoking rate
Define health promotion
the process of enabling ppl to increase control over the factors of health and improve their health
List reasons why issues are targeted by health promo
- because they contribute to mortality/morbidity
- bc they are preventable/avoidable
- result in considerable financial burden to individuals & government
- contribute to other health conditions
- have increased over recent years
List and describe an indigenous heath promotion program
Deadly Choices Program:
- aims to empower Aboriginal and Torres Strait islander ppl to make healthy choices for themselves & families
- involves programs such as community events, leadership camps, social media, sport and recreation, tobacco cessation programs
Explain to what extent the Healthy Eating Pyramid reflects the ADGs
- follows the first 3 ADGs
- doesn’t reflect ADG 4&5
Define the Healthy Eating Pyramid
A visual representation of the 5 food groups, listing them in a hierarchy of foods that should be consumed most through to foods that should be consumed least
List limitations of the HEP
- doesn’t cater for those with dietary needs such as allergies and intolerances
- ## doesn’t follow/provide information on ADG 4&5
list the challenges of dietary change
- allergies and intolerances
- education, nutrition knowledge & cooking skills
- food marketing
- personal preferences
- time constraints and convenience
- food security
